BACKGROUND Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) is a definitive treatment for anaemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). During long-term rHuEpo treatment most patients develop and show persistent iron deficiency in spite of oral iron supplementation. Abnormalities of iron absorption and transport in the duodenum may contribute to this deficiency. METHODS To investigate changes in iron abs...

In this research at the Adenine tautomers and their fullerene derivatives were optimized. NBO calculations and NMR for the tautomers and their Fullerene derivatives were carried out at the B3lyp/6-31G*quantum chemistry level. The core and the valence electrons of atoms were compared. Other cases examined in this study, resonance energy, chemical potential (µ ),...

The RNA molecules that make up the spliceosome branch-point helix and the binding site for phage GA coat protein share a secondary structure motif in which two consecutive adenine residues occupy the strand opposite a single uridine, creating the potential to form one of two different A.U base pairs while leaving the other adenine unpaired or bulged. During the splicing of introns out of pre-mR...

An orphan G protein-coupled receptor from rat has recently been discovered to be activated by the nucleobase adenine (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:8573-8578, 2002). In the present study, we show for the first time that the adenine receptor is expressed in membrane preparations of native tissues and cell lines in high density, including rat brain cortex, rat brain striatum, and the mouse neuroblast...

A single high-affinity binding site for adenine and related compounds was identified in the lima bean lectin (LBL) component III tetramer. This site is identical with the high affinity site for 2,6-toludinyl-naphthalenesulfonate described previously (Roberts, D. D., and Goldstein, I. J. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 11274-11277). [14C]Adenine was bound with high affinity (Kd = 1.2 +/- 0.1 X 10(-5)...

The present study investigated the possible renoprotective effect of direct renin inhibitor (aliskiren) on renal dysfunctions, as well as its underlying mechanisms in rat model of adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephropathy. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups; normal group, aliskiren group (normal rats received 10 mg/kg aliskiren), adenine group (animals received hi...

Adenine-dependent hairpin ribozymes were isolated by in vitro selection from a degenerated hairpin ribozyme population. Two new adenine-dependent ribozymes catalyze their own reversible cleavage in the presence of free adenine. Both aptamers have Mg(2+) requirements for adenine-assisted cleavage similar to the wild-type hairpin ribozyme. Cleavage kinetics studies in the presence of various othe...

We present a study of excited-state behavior of reduced flavin cofactors using femtosecond optical transient absorption spectroscopy. The reduced flavin cofactors studied were in two protonation states: flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FADH2 and FADH-) and flavin-mononucleotide (FMNH2 and FMNH-). We find that FMNH- exhibits multiexponential decay dynamics due to the presence of two bent conformers ...

A new series of nucleobase adenine (A) functionalized naphthalene diimide (NDI) derivatives to form a donor-acceptor conjugate has been designed, synthesized and characterized. The photoinduced electron transfer from to...

Special diets that were extremely low in protein (5.5%) and high in carbohydrate were used to test the effect of nicotinamide on A/-nitrosodimethylamine-induced Carcinogenesis in Holtzman albino rats. The level of nicotinamide in the three diets ranged from 0 mg/kg of food to 50 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg. During the treatment with these diets (5 weeks) and the carcinogen (18 days), the renal and hepat...