This paper presents several examples where one user’s personal information is accessed by another, without the consent of the owner, or without the capability of the owner to consent to such sharing. While intentional sharing of information at home as well as at work has been studied in detail, there is extremely limited understanding about the practices, dimensions and models of unintentional ...

Various types of certificates are basic tools of modern cryptography and networks security. They are used in various protocols, in the form of public key identity certificates, binding a key to its owner or in the form of attribute certificates, being a proof of rights and capabilities of their owner. Management of certificates (creation, distribution, verification, and revocation) is dependent...

Most studies have looked at the distribution of well-being or its change over time in terms of income. However, family wealth is also an indicator of well-being, independent of the direct financial income it provides. There are four reasons. First, owner-occupied housing provides services directly to their owner. Second, wealth is a source of consumption, independent of the direct money income ...

In this paper, a novel methodology is proposed to solve a cooperative multi-depot vehicle routing problem. We establish a mathematical model for multi-owner VRP in which each owner (i.e. player) manages single or multiple depots. The basic idea consists of offering an option that owners cooperatively manage the VRP to save their costs. We present cooperative game theory techniques for cost savi...

A vindication claim is one of the classic ways to protect property rights. Since, according construction claim, being destroyed as a result someone else’s illegal possession, passive legitimization associated with possession. At same time, question who owner thing controversial for purposes claim. In legal literature, opinion has been confirmed about applicability theory possession (possessio c...

The Cloud Computing paradigm is getting popular deliberately and is being adopted in modern organizations because of its lower cost, scalability and high availability. This moves control of data from the owner to the cloud service provider and thus security and data privacy of customer or owner becomes a challenge. Cloud is a new concept and as a result of which the experience of providers in t...

accounts and narratives of the ancient iranian texts and sources of the islamic period concerning fereydun indicate that this iranian dragon-slayer hero has been known for his three powers, that is “fighting powers,” “medical skills,” and “sorcery arts”. on the other hand, his name, fereydun (middle persian “frēdōn”, avestan “θraētaona-“), seems to mean “the owner of three powers” or “the one w...

when there is a title retention clause, the seller is the owner of the subject of sale. the buyer, might yet, sell the same chattel to a third bona fide person. in the conflicts of the interests of the owner and bona fide purchaser, the right of one of them should prevail. iranian law and its religious background always prefers the right of the owner and neglects the right of the bona fide purc...