This surgical planning and training system integrates an electronic atlas of brain structure with a virtual stereotactic frame and patient data, for intuitive, reach-in manipulation. The objective is plans prepared faster; better, more accurate choice of target points; improved avoidance of sensitive structures; fewer sub-optimal frame attachments; and speedier, more effective training. If vali...

Popular approaches to modeling analogical reasoning have captured a wide range of developmental and cognitive phenomena, but the use of structured symbolic representations makes it difficult to account for the dynamic and context sensitive nature of similarity judgments. Here, the results of a novel behavioral task are offered as an additional challenge for these approaches. Participants were p...

This paper is concerned with frequency adverbs in Japanese. Many linguists have pointed out that frequency statements and generic sentences have multiple readings when they co-occur with a kind of adjuncts. More often than not, the interpretation is complicated by the ambiguity of temporal adverbs and the context-dependent nature of the way operator works. In fact, frequency adverbs in Japanese...

Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract The content of many communicatio...

We present PROCAB, an efficient method for Probabilistically Reasoning from Observed Context-Aware Behavior. It models the context-dependent utilities and underlying reasons that people take different actions. The model generalizes to unseen situations and scales to incorporate rich contextual information. We train our model using the route preferences of 25 taxi drivers demonstrated in over 10...

A BSTRACT We propose a context-dependent approach to the study of political information. Combining a content analysis of broadcast news with a national survey measuring public awareness of various events, issues, and individuals in the news, we show that properties of national media systems influence both the supply of news and citizens’ awareness of events in the news. Public service-oriented ...

We use evolutionary algorithms to speed up a rather complex process, the tree adjoining grammars parsing. This improvement is due due to a linear matching function which compares the fitness of different individuals. Internally, derived trees are processed as tree-to-string representations. Moreover, we present some practical results and a post running analysis that may encourage the use of evo...

Propagating scattered context grammars, introduced in [3], represent an important type of semi-parallel rewriting systems. Since their introduction, however, the exact relationship of the family of languages they generate to the family of context-sensitive languages is unknown. The language family generated by these grammars is included in the family of context-sensitive languages; on the other...

The literature on predicates of personal taste (PPTs) has focused on a surprisingly limited range of expressions. This narrow focus has led to problematic theoretical conclusions about the syntax and semantics. I argue that PPTs are an instance of a more interesting general category of (what I call) evaluational predicates. Like other gradable adjectives, PPTs are sensitive to a relevant degree...