the growing trend of disasters in world and iran, expanded range of different psychological consequences of disasters and according to them parallel physical consequences. post-traumatic stress disorder may be considered the most common psychological consequences of disasters. in the absence of prevention and treatment, it can affect a person's quality of life and normal functioning of the...

Background and Objective: Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is one of the effective methods for treatment of depression. Regarding the stimulatory effect of glutaminergic system on the progression of depression, the effect of ketamine as one of the most important inhibitors of this system has been investigated on the effectiveness of ECT. ...

In this article we examine four objections to the genetic modification of human beings: the freedom argument, the giftedness argument, the authenticity argument, and the uniqueness argument. We then demonstrate that each of these arguments against genetic modification assumes a strong version of genetic determinism. Since these strong deterministic assumptions are false, the arguments against g...

Development and Future Perspectives of Behavioral Medicine in Japan The study of the "Type A behavior pattern and myocardial infarction" was one of the main themes in the early stage of Behavioral Medicine. After that, behavior modification came to be widely applied to the treatment of various kinds of chronic diseases, and a general concept of Behavioral Medicine was subsequently formed. The J...

There is currently controversy regarding the need for and the effectiveness of behavior modification for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) despite years of study and multiple investigations reporting beneficial effects of the intervention. A meta-analysis was conducted by identifying relevant behavioral treatment studies in the literature. One-hundred seventy-four st...

Specifying behavioral specifications for components apart from the conventional syntactic interface specifications can be very useful in component based system development. Preconditions and postconditions describe one form of behavioral aspects of components. We discuss a tool and an implementation mechanism to incorporate behavioral contracts expressed in terms of preconditions and postcondit...

Within the species Astyanax mexicanus, there are several inter-fertile populations of river-dwelling sighted fish and cave-dwelling blind fish which have evolved morphological and behavioral adaptations. We have recently reported a developmental and neurophysiological basis for the loss of aggressive behavior in the blind cavefish morph of Astyanax. Using an appropriate behavioral assay, we hav...

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OBJECTIVES To provide a concise and practical guide to the development, modification, and use of behavioral coding schemes for observational data in pediatric psychology. METHODS This article provides a review of relevant literature and experience in developing and refining behavioral coding schemes. RESULTS A step-by-step guide to developing and/or modifying behavioral coding schemes is pr...

Behavior modification applied to the treatment of obesity has evolved from the environmental control of eating behavior to a broader approach characterized by systematic manipulation of all factors associated with eating and exercise patterns. This approach has shown success in helping obese persons lose modest amounts of weight. The average length of treatment is 18 weeks, and the average weig...