This report describes the treatment of a case of severe insomnia. The treatment, a variant of systematic desensitization, was short and apparently quite successful. The primary difference between usual desensitization procedures and those employed in this case was the absence of a fear hierarchy. A trainee-observer was present during several training and early therapy sessions. He observed 2 th...

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by restricted interests and repetitive behavior, as well deficit in communication skills daily social interaction. ASD are also at risk for developing disruptive such noncompliance which have negative impact academic functioning. Excessive can be decreased increasing positive alternative compliance behavior modification. This study a...

Learning and memory are central topics in behavioral neuroscience, and inbred mice strains are widely investigated. However, operant conditioning techniques are not as extensively used in this field as they should be, given the effectiveness of the methodology of the experimental analysis of behavior. In the present study, male C57B1/6 mice, widely used as background for transgenic studies, wer...

Background: Since type-2 diabetes is the most common chronic disease among Iranian female adolescents, we applied theory of planned behavior to examine the effect of training to intention to preventative nutritional behaviors for type-2 diabetes among female adolescents.   Methods: In this experimental study 200 (11-14 year old) girls from 8 schools of Tehran city (100 in each intervent...

background: morning report sessions had long-standing history in medical education. morning report management is an important aspect of professional medical education. methods: to evaluate the contents of the morning report sessions, including management, staff training, deep learning, attention to learners at different level of education, record keeping, feedback, and final summarizing, direct...

Chlorpyrifos, O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate, is an organophosphate insecticide known to be present in human urine. In utero exposure to chlorpyrifos may cause long-term hormonal and behavior alterations. In this study mice were exposed to 0, 1 or 5mg/kg chlorpyrifos on gestational days 17-20. In utero exposed mice were then tested in a novel foraging behavior maze a...

Ascending 5-HT projections from the median raphe nucleus (MRN), probably to the hippocampus, are implicated in the acquisition of contextual fear (background stimuli), as assessed by freezing behavior. Foreground cues like light, used as a conditioned stimulus (CS) in classical fear conditioning, also cause freezing through thalamic transmission to the amygdala. As the MRN projects to the hippo...

objective: the  implementation of  family  psychoeducation at  the  service delivery level is not without difficulty. few mental health professionals receive special training to work with families especially in iran.   the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of training health professionals in terms of their adherence to protocol. method: eight professionals (general prac...