BACKGROUND Enzymatic hydrolysis, the rate limiting step in the process development for biofuel, is always hampered by its low sugar concentration. High solid enzymatic saccharification could solve this problem but has several other drawbacks such as low rate of reaction. In the present study we have attempted to enhance the concentration of sugars in enzymatic hydrolysate of delignified Prosopi...

Background Visceral leishmaniasis is an infecto-parasitarian disease caused by obligatory intracellular protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania, and might be lethal since there is no precocious diagnosis and proper treatment. Despite the considerable effort, there is no effective and safe vaccine for human use [1]. Genetically modified microorganisms are used industrially in general for prod...

The expression microarray is a frequently used approach to study gene expression on a genome-wide scale. However, the data produced by the thousands of microarray studies published annually are confounded by "batch effects," the systematic error introduced when samples are processed in multiple batches. Although batch effects can be reduced by careful experimental design, they cannot be elimina...

In this article, a novel acceptance-sampling plan is proposed to decide whether to accept or reject a receiving batch of items. In this plan, the items in the receiving batch are inspected until a nonconforming item is found. When the sum of two consecutive values of the number of conforming items between two successive nonconforming items falls underneath of a lower control threshold, the batc...

We formulate and evaluate the Automated Simulation Analysis Procedure (ASAP), an algorithm for steady-state simulation output analysis based on the method of nonoverlapping batch means (NOBM). ASAP delivers a confidence interval for an expected response that is centered on the sample mean of a portion of a simulation-generated time series and satisfies a user-specified absolute or relative prec...

As reverse osmosis (RO) desalination capacity increases worldwide, the need to reduce its specific energy consumption becomes more urgent. In addition to the incremental changes attainable with improved components such as membranes and pumps, more significant reduction of energy consumption can be achieved through time-varying RO processes including semi-batch processes such as closed-circuit r...

An integrated strategy for the tracking control of product qualities in batch processes is proposed by combing batch-to-batch iterative learning control (ILC) with on-line shrinking horizon model predictive control (SHMPC) within a batch. ILC is used in batch-to-batch control and the convergence of batch-wise tracking error under ILC is guaranteed. On-line SHMPC within a batch can reduce the ef...

This study analyzes impacts by batch picking on picker blocking in narrow-aisle order picking, and determines appropriate batch formations for a better order picking throughput. We present multiple-pick analytical models to offer insights about picker blocking in batch picking. Several simulation studies over a variety of batching situations scrutinize order batching situations which give throu...

This paper considers the uncapacitated lot sizing problem with batch delivery, focusing on the general case of timedependent batch sizes. We study the complexity of the problem, depending on the other cost parameters, namely the setup cost, the fixed cost per batch, the unit procurement cost and the unit holding cost. We establish that if any one of the cost parameters is allowed to be time-dep...

conclusions with the proper operation of wastewater the treatment plant and increasing the retention time, the removal efficiency of the detergents increased. in addition, according to the environmental standards for bod5, cod and the detergents, the results of the present study indicated that the outputs of these parameters from the sbr system were appropriate for agricultural irrigation. resu...