this article, by leaving pre-determined membership function of a fuzzy set which is a basic assumption for such subject, will try to propose a hybrid technique to select the most economic project among alternative projects in fuzziness interest rates condition. in this way, net present worth (npw) would be the economic indicator. this article tries to challenge the assumption of large sample si...

This document using property-right approach analyzes the effect of national factor endowment, sector-specific intensity of head-quarter services and the degree of technological dependency on the decision of organizational structures of final-good producers.We highlight that the technological dependency of the final-good producer on the supplier is a significant factor resulting to the heterogen...

Quantitative risk analysis (QRA) is a systematic approach for evaluating likelihood, consequences, and risk of adverse events. QRA based on event (ETA) and fault tree analyses (FTA) employs two basic assumptions. The first assumption is related to likelihood values of input events, and the second assumption is regarding interdependence among the events (for ETA) or basic events (for FTA). Tradi...

This paper explores the concept of organizations as complex human activity systems, through the perspectives of alternative systemic models. The impact of alternative models on perception of individual and organizational emergence is highlighted. Using information systems development as an example of management activity, individual and collective sense-making and learning processes are discusse...

This investigation proposes an approach to modeling the discourse of spoken dialogue using semantic dependency graphs. By characterizing the discourse as a sequence of speech acts, discourse modeling becomes the identification of the speech act sequence. A statistical approach is adopted to model the relations between words in the user’s utterance using the semantic dependency graphs. Dependenc...

In this paper, we show how a distributed faulttolerance component can be replaced dynamically. The need for such replacement arises due to the fact that there are often several fault-tolerance components that are suitable for adding faulttolerance to a fault, and the choice of the component depends upon the environment. Since a distributed fault-tolerance component has a fraction installed at e...