Exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields has raised scientific and public concern regarding possible adverse effects to people exposed to such radiation. At cellular mobile communication frequencies, the most important parameter used to assess human exposure to electromagnetic fields is SAR (Specific Absorption Rate). This paper will firstly address two exposure scenarios related to a...

Mobile radio network with cellular structure demand high spectral efficiency for minimizing number of connections in a given bandwidth. One of the promising technologies is the use of “Smart Antenna”. A smart antenna is actually combination of an array of individual antenna elements and dedicated signal processing algorithm. Such system can distinguish signal combinations arriving from differen...

An Intelligent Distributed Antenna System (IDAS) fed by a multiple Base Transceiver Station (BTS) has the ability to distribute the radio resources over a given geographic area. To enable an efficient distribution of radio resources amongst the antenna modules, a server is utilized to dynamically allocate the remote antenna modules to the BTSs using a Self-Optimized Network (SON) algorithm. Mon...

Ab.stritct-I n beyond 3G wireless systems the bandwidth efficiency can be increased with the use of adaptive antenna arrays. This paper focus on a key issue for adaptive antenna arrays, that is, channel parameters estimation including Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA). I n order to estimate DOA. the channel frequency responses for the links between the mobile users and each of base station array eleme...

The WCDMA system, an asynchronous CDMA scheme, uses different downlink scrambling codes for each base station, not requiring synchronization between the base stations as in the synchronous CDMA systems. However, the mobile station needs to obtain initial code synchronization by resolving both the code and timing uncertainty. The 3GPP group adopts the use of a three-step cell search scheme [1]. ...

Consider a wireless communication system where the base station has multiple antennas and users have a single antenna. For both the multiple access and broadcast channels, the sum capacity scales at best linearly with the number of antennas at the base station and double logarithmically with the number of users as the user pool grows asymptotically. Achieving this optimal capacity scaling poten...