OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study was designed to examine the effects of the Valsalva Maneuver (VM) and its duration on the acid- base equilibrium of the neonate and its maternal repercussions during the expulsive stage of labor, after standard breathing and pushing instructions were given. METHODS A convenience sample of women with low risk pregnancy (n=33; mean age 22.5±3.7 y and gestat...

Systemic variables were evaluated with respect to O(2) delivery to test the hypothesis that critical O(2) delivery and critical Hb can be estimated by multiple variables collected simultaneously. Rats were subjected to transfusion with either fresh or stored blood and then subjected to stepwise isovolemic hemodilution. Critical levels were measured by the dual-regression method from plots of sy...

OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility of undertaking an adequately powered multicentre study comparing waterbirth with land birth. To assess whether women are willing to participate in such a trial and whether participation has a negative effect on their birthing experience. DESIGN A randomised controlled trial (RCT) with 'preference arm'. SETTING District general hospital with 3600 deliveri...

Rations containing approximately 85% ground high-moisture, ensiled corn were fed to steers in such a way as to produce lactic acid acidosis, and three dietary buffers were evaluated in regard to their effect on ruminal and systemic acidosis. The buffers consisted of (1) 2% sodium bentonite, (2) 1% sodium bentonite plus 1% dolomitic limestone, and (3) 1% sodium bentonite plus 1% potassium bicarb...

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS), although traditionally clinical, is now increasingly dependent on radiological corroboration. The rate of negative exploration in IHPS has been reported as 4%. The purpose of our study was to look at elements of supportive clinical evidence leading to positive diagnosis, and to review these with respect to misdiagnosed ...

Both an arterial blood gas and a basic metabolic panel are necessary to determine a patient’s acid-base status. Analysis of a patient’s acid-base disorder includes identification of the primary disorder, calculation of the anion gap (AG), evaluation for the presence of excess acid or base, comparison of the expected and actual compensation, and explanation of the cause of each identified acid-b...

There has been renewed interest in quantifying acid-base disorders in the intensive care unit. One of the methods that has become increasingly used to calculate acid-base balance is the Stewart model. This model is briefly discussed in terms of its origin, its relationship to other methods such as the base excess approach, and the information it provides for the assessment and treatment of acid...

Six experiments were conducted with newly weaned pigs (8 kg) to evaluate the effects of 4% excesses of DL-methionine, L-tryptophan, L-threonine, L-lysine or L-arginine on growth or "choice" (i.e., self-selection) when added to 20% protein, corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) diets. Arginine was supplied as the free base and lysine as lysine acetate to avoid acid-base problems. In the growth study, gain w...

The objectives of the present review are to describe the agreement between variables on arterial and venous blood gas analysis (in particular pH, pCO(2) , bicarbonate and base excess) and to identify unanswered questions. MEDLINE search of papers published from 1966 to January 2010 for studies comparing arterial and peripheral venous blood gas values for any of pH, pCO(2) , bicarbonate and base...