Developing countries need to rethink their copyright policy in light of the abundant information flows across the world. A nation’s copyright policy is a pivotal source determining the forms of control that can be exercised over access to published information. The thrust for a global regime of trade related intellectual property rights (TRIPS), which includes copyright, was initiated by the Un...

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to certain standards in patent law as well pharmaceutical law. This paper discusses questions whether and under what conditions government-ordered or privately claimed compulsory licensing can contribute controlling the pandemic. existing obstacles conflicts current legal framework, such lack of international harmonization coherence between (comp...

If you had asked the average policy wonk in the field of finance or development about TRIPS, even until a few years ago, you would probably have elicited a quizzical expression of surprise and bemusement, betraying mild condescension: how important can that be compared to broader and weightier matters such as exchange rates, fiscal policy, aid, and debt? But TRIPS, or the Trade-Related Aspects ...

This article addresses the development of the World Health Organisation's (WHO) arrangements for accessing viruses and the development of vaccines to respond to potential pandemics (and other lesser outbreaks). It examines the ongoing "conflict" between the United Nations' Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the World Trade Organisation's Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellect...

We analyze an alternating offer bargaining game between a developing country (South) and a multinational over entry to sell a patented product where the South can issue a compulsory license if an agreement is not reached by a deadline. The presence of international price spillovers introduces two novel features: (i) the surplus from entry prior to the deadline may be negative and (ii) Compulsor...

I this paper I argue that certain of the “new issues” in global trade negotiations belong there quite naturally. I label these conformable issues “marketsupportive regulation.” I believe that wise incorporation of market-supportive regulation into the World Trade Organization (WTO) is the key to generating a new wave of “gains from trade”—and to widely disseminating those gains within and among...

This research is a cross-border economic study that explains the role of international trade organization, better known as WTO. The WTO was officially established on January 1, 1995, with GATT's pioneer. At time, existence GATT still temporary. framework for liberalization appears in form Agreement, which accommodates general provisions relating to trade. In Agreement agreed upon by member coun...

Abstract Background It is now 25 years since the adoption of Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and same concerns raised during its negotiations such as high prices medicines, market exclusivity delayed entry for generics remain relevant highlighted recently by Ebola COVID-19 pandemics. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) mandate to work interface between ...

Under the TRIPS agreement, WTOmembers are required to enforce product patents for pharmaceuticals. The debate about the merits of this requirement has been extremely contentious. Many low-income economies claim that patent protection for pharmaceuticals will result in substantially higher prices for medicines, with adverse consequences for the health and well-being of their citizens. On the oth...