BACKGROUND Low back pain can affect work ability and remains a main cause of sickness absence. In the UK the GP is usually the first contact for patients seeking health care. The UK government intends that the GP will continue to be responsible for sickness certification and work advice. This role requires a considerable level of understanding of work rehabilitation, and effective communication...

The back-off algorithm is the key point that directly affects the message transmission delay, during the design of the MAC layer of the vehicular ad hoc network communication protocol. However, thanks to the back-off time is inversely proportional to the seizing channel ability of the nodes, the unreasonable choice of the contention window usually leads to the nodes “starvation”. This paper inv...

In this technical note, we investigate information quantities of state-dependent communication channels with corrupted information fed back from the receiver. We derive an information identity which can be interpreted as a law of conservation of information flows.

Editor's Note: These short, critical reviews of recent papers in the Journal, written exclusively by graduate students or postdoctoral fellows, are intended to summarize the important findings of the paper and provide additional insight and commentary. For more information on the format and purpose of the Journal Club, please see Review of Jiang et al. Understanding neural mechanisms of social ...

Multi-inverter microgrid systems, particularly those with loop topology, offer higher power supply reliability and robustness compared to conventional radial distribution systems. In meshed communication-less protection schemes have proved be ineffective for multi-inverter microgrids due bidirectional flow, limited controlled fault currents generated by the voltage source converters interfacing...

Providers of emergency medical services (EMS) must communicate vital information during critical phases of operations. Errors in communications, for example, the failure to hear a directive, will compromise safe and effective patient care. This article presents a case that resulted in litigation because of communication failures during the interfacility transfer of a trauma patient who subseque...

This is a survey paper on LMDS. With a introduction on LMDS and then a discussion on fixed wireless networks, this paper looks into different ways fixed wireless communication can be achieved and then gives a brief description on the various broadbands available for communication. It also discusses technical and design issues involved with LMDS. See also: Other Reports on Recent Advances in Net...

The frames of reference used by 4-, 6-, and 8-year-old children were studied in a spatial direction-giving task. Children were asked to specify verbally the location of a toy hidden under one of several identical cups. The child and listener sat facing each other at opposite ends of a room that had distinctive or nondistinctive landmarks proximal and distal to the hiding location. Location need...

Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) networks are basically wireless LANs. The CSMA is a method that uses carrier sensing scheme in which the station which transmits data can detect collision and takes appropriate steps to have collision-free communication. Many stations in these networks share common resources for successful transmission of data. Resource reservation is one of the well known t...

objective: the study evaluated the efficacy of oral calcium carbonate supplement on leg pain in pregnancy and nursing period. materials and methods: a total number of 176 women at third trimester of pregnancy or nursing period till to one year after delivery with complaint of leg pain, low back pain (lbp), and posterior pelvic pain (ppp) were evaluated for distinct primary causes and were exclu...