Complex engineering tasks are rarely unique in their solution. The question is not to determine a single solution – it is more to retrieve an optimal solution. Automated, software-based optimization technologies turned out to be a very promising and applicable solution for the class of non-deterministic optimization problems. In this paper a generic framework for the application of genetic prog...

The traffic-induced soil compaction in the field has gradually become an important constraint to sustainable agricultural development. A experiment was conducted acquire stress transmitted caused by multiple passes with different types of tractors and investigate impact these stresses on bulk density crop growth. applied two masses: LOVOL M904 (HC) John Deer 280 (LC), six treatments 0 (C0), 1 (...

A [2]rotaxane constructed from a per-ethylated pillar[6]arene as a wheel and a pyridinium derivative as an axle was prepared. The wheel segment of the per-ethylated pillar[6]arene moved from one station to another along the axle as a result of thermal stimuli.

the evaluation and control of the trains induced vibrations needs even more attention in the case of underground tracks which passes near to monuments and historical sites. the rail corrugations which occur due to the wheels’ impulse loads during the operation period of underground railway tracks, usually amplify the ground borne noise and vibration. in the current study, the mentioned phenomen...

Here we establish that equivalent single-axle loads values can be estimated using artificial neural networks without the complex design equality of American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). More importantly, we find that the neural network model gives the coefficients to be able to obtain the actual load values using the AASHTO design values. Thus, those desig...

44 We consider the problem of finding optimal sensor locations on a traffic network so as to characterize 45 system use overall. We study the problem under two practical scenarios. In the first scenario, we assume 46 there is a given number of sensors (p) that we need to locate on the highway network. In this context, the 47 problem is to find a collection of p locations among a given collectio...

Mechanically interlocked molecules such as rotaxanes and catenanes have potential as components of molecular machinery. Rotaxanes consist of a dumb-bell-shaped molecule encircled by a macrocycle that can move unhindered along the axle, trapped by bulky stoppers. Previously, rotaxanes have been made from a variety of molecules, but not from DNA. Here, we report the design, assembly and character...