Subclavicular lymph nodes are one of the deeper lymph node groups of the lymphatic network located in the axillary region. As its location is surrounded by vessels and nerves, biopsy of subclavicular lymph nodes is not possible without eye control. We describe a new, mini-invasive technique for accessing the thoracic outlet region. Video-axillaroscopy is a reliable mini-invasive technique for t...

Objective: To provide information needed by patients with breast cancer (stages I and II) and their physicians when deciding whether axillary dissection should be carried out. Options: No axillary surgery; removal of all axillary lymph nodes; removal of level 1 and 2 nodes; axillary “sampling.” Outcomes: Accurate determination of stage of cancer, resulting in better-informed therapeutic decisio...

BACKGROUND Metastasis in the axillary lymph nodes is the most important known prognostic factor for breast cancer. We aimed to investigate the contribution of the radioisotope tracer method to the dye-only method by performing sentinel lymph node biopsy on the same patient group during a single surgical session. METHODS Forty-two patients who underwent operations in our clinic from February 2...

BACKGROUND Prone positioning for breast radiotherapy is preferable when the aim is a reduction of the dose to the ipsilateral lung or the heart in certain left-sided cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 100 breast cancer cases awaiting postoperative whole-breast radiotherapy, conformal radiotherapy plans were prospectively generated in both prone and supine positions. The axillary nodal region (le...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Superficial lymph nodes in lymphoma management are usually evaluated by physical examination. However the accuracy of this assessment has not been thoroughly tested and so it remains debated whether physical examination can meet the international requirements for clinical evaluation and response assessment. DESIGN AND METHODS Palpatory size estimates of lymph nodes i...

INTRODUCTION The feasibility and accuracy of the sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer is still controversial. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-one consecutive patients with the diagnosis of invasive breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy and complete axillary lymph nod...

BACKGROUND The staging of axillary lymph nodes is critical to the management and prognosis of breast cancer, the most frequent cancer in females. Neoadjuvant therapy and lymph node dissection are recommended when malignant cells invade the lymph nodes. Therefore the pre-operative examination of these lymph nodes is crucial to treatment. METHODS In this study, we examined the effectiveness of ...