Tightening financial regulation squeezes banking activities into the shadow banking sector, which may hurt financial stability and production (Plantin, 2014). Unlike Plantin’s work, we investigate regulations that reduce banks’ leverage and dampen financial amplification effects. Moreover, our paper studies the trade-off between economic growth and financial stability in light of shadow banking...

cercis siliquastrum is compatible to soil types and has resistance to climate changes. therefore the study of its germination and growth condition can lead us to correct use for semi-arid lands in iran. in this research the effect of different treatment on cercis siliquastrum germination and growth indices was investigated and the most effective treatment was distinguished. thus, five frequenci...

The most challenging task in developing Augmented Reality (AR) applications is to make virtual objects mixed harmoniously with the real scene. To achieve photorealistic AR environment, three key issues must be emphasized namely consistency of geometry, illumination and time. Shadow is an essential element to improve visual perception and realism. Without shadow, virtual objects will appear like...

Physically-based accurate soft shadows are typically computed by the evaluation of a visibility function over several point light sources which approximate an area light source. This visibility evaluation is computationally expensive for hundreds of light source samples, providing performance far from real-time. One solution to reduce the computational cost of the visibility evaluation is to ad...

16 June 1994 12:32 pm We describe a number of visual illusions of motion in depth in which the motion of an object's cast shadow determines the perceived 3D motion of the object. The illusory percepts are phenomenally very strong. We analyze the information which cast shadow motion provides for the inference of 3D object motion and experimentally measure human observers' use of this information...

A vast amount of soft shadow map algorithms have been presented in recent years. Most use a single sample hard shadow map together with some clever filtering technique to calculate perceptually or even physically plausible soft shadows. On the other hand there is the class of much slower algorithms that calculate physically correct soft shadows by taking and combining many samples of the light....

Electrical contacts on the top surface of solar cells and light emitting diodes cause shadow losses. The phenomenon of extraordinary optical transmission through arrays of subwavelength holes suggests the possibility of engineering such contacts to reduce the shadow using plasmonics, but resonance effects occur only at specific wavelengths. Here we describe instead a broadband effect of enhance...

This paper proposes a new shadow map technique termed trapezoidal shadow maps to calculate high quality shadows in real-time applications. To address the resolution problem of the standard shadow map approach, our technique approximates the eye’s frustum as seen from the light with a trapezoid to warp it onto a shadow map. Such a trapezoidal approximation, which may first seem straightforward, ...