One way to reduce the cost of formally verifying a large program is to perform proofs over a specification of its behaviour, which its implementation refines. However, interesting programs must often satisfy multiple properties. Ideally, each property should be proved against the most abstract specification for which it holds. This simplifies reasoning and increases the property’s robustness ag...

While looking for investment opportunities, investors analyse whether a potential will bring satisfactory returns, the level of which depends on many risk factors. That is why it necessary to risks in process management. The need possess knowledge such risks, their influence investment, and methods avoiding risk. Given scale investments into residential property, focus has been factors determin...

We propose a sensor based navigation algorithm for a mobile robot that assures a convergence property when the robot is navigated from a given start position to a goal position while avoiding moving and fixed obstacles. This algorithm guides the robot toward the goal by using its sensor information in an unknown environment. Conventional sensor based navigation algorithms such as Bug algorithm ...