In recent decades traffic injuries have become a leading cause of death and disability the world over. In congested urban areas, the noise and emissions from vehicle engines cause discomfort and disease. More than one billion people are exposed daily to harmful levels of atmospheric contamination. Because internal combustion generates carbon dioxide (CO2), the automobile is a principal contribu...

Two concepts are essential to a definition of a healthy community: social justice and ecological sustainability. These principles must be at the heart of creating healthy communities, cities, and regions. Children and young people are an integral part of socially just and ecologically sustainable communities. Transportation and land-use policies are critical tools for shaping healthy communitie...

Petrol is the most significant fuel and accounts for the largest consumption share among the various road transport energies. This paper presents different econometric modelling systems to estimate the demand for petrol in the Australian road transport sector, emphasizing the effects of national income and petrol price. Quarterly time series data for Australia over the period 1977-2006 are empl...

Walking being the oldest form of urban transport, and until the advent of major transformationsin transport technology in the nineteenth century, most cities were structured in ways that supported walkability.Today, there is a change in transportation which emphasizes, the traditional pedestrian paths which are increasinglybecoming non-regulated spaces when compared to the urban spaces for auto...

Global Methodology to Integrate Innovative Models for Electric Motors in Complete Vehicle Simulators — By what means the greenhouse gas emissions of passenger cars can be reduced to 120 g/km in 2012 and 95 g/km in 2020 as the European Commission and the automotive manufacturers are stated? This question with multi answers preoccupies at the moment the whole automobile world. One of the most pro...

A methodology is presented for studying the effects of automobile emission policies on the design decisions of profitseeking automobile producers in a free-entry oligopoly market. The study does not attempt to model short-term decisions of specific producers. Instead, mathematical models of engineering performance, consumer demand, cost, and competition are integrated to predict the effects of ...

Greenhouse gases from human activities are causing climate change, creating risks for people around the globe. Behaviors involving transportation, diet, energy use, and purchasing drive greenhouse gas emissions, but are also related to health and well-being, providing opportunity for co-benefits. Replacing shorter automobile trips with walking or cycling, or eating plants rather than animals, f...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The University of Denver conducted a four-day remote sensing study in the Phoenix, AZ area in the fall of 1998. The remote sensor used in this study is capable of measuring the ratios of CO, HC, and NO to CO 2 in motor vehicle exhaust. From these ratios, we calculate the percent concentrations of CO, CO 2 , HC and NO in motor vehicle exhaust which would be observed by a tailpi...

BACKGROUND Highway vehicle CO emissions have decreased 85% since introduction of the catalytic converter in 1975. We sought to examine whether morbidity and mortality from intentional motor vehicle-related CO poisoning have also changed. METHODS Vehicle CO emissions data from 1970-2013 were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention...