background: xylene is known as one of the most toxic of the nervous system. the purpose of this study is to estimate the concentration of xylene in the cabin of the vehicles production in iran. also the effect of ventilation, cigarette smoking, and air freshener inside the vehicle, fuel type and car decorations on the concentration of the substance being studied.   methods: 152 vehicles pride a...

It has been suggested that the risk of rupture of intracranial aneurysms may be fostered by climatic drops in barometric pressure, as also occurs to passengers subjected to the air pressure settings inside aircraft cabins. We present two cases of flight-related aneurysmal SAH followed by intracerebral rebleeding in the cabin (case 1) and carotid dissection after landing (case 2). Management and...

Long distance travel is an unusual activity for humans. The economical cabin environment (low air circulation, limited space, low humidity, etc.) during the long haul flights causes discomfort and even stress for many passengers. In-flight video and music systems are commonly available to improve the comfort level of the passengers. However, current in-flight music systems do not explore how th...

BACKGROUND Commercial air travel is cheap and accessible. Many patients living ever better lives despite chronic lung disease wish to, and do, fly. Statistics tell us that misadventure is rare and that flight must be safe for the majority of people. OBJECTIVE To assist the general practitioner in assessing and advising patients with lung disease on issues relating to the risks associated with...

This article describes an application of Non-linear Model Predictive Control algorithms on energy efficient control fully electric vehicle cabin temperature and air quality. Since vehicles can not utilize waste heat from a powertrain (or there is enough heat) as ICE do, it necessary to employ advanced approaches (especially for heating) due the possible mileage lost by using batteries condition...

Long distance travel is an unusual activity for humans. The economical cabin environment (low air circulation, limited space, low humidity, etc.) during the long haul flights causes discomfort and even stress for many passengers. In-flight video and music systems are commonly available to improve the comfort level of the passengers. However, current in-flight music systems do not explore how th...

The climate control load is the most significant auxiliary loads present in vehicles today. The peak climate control load of an AC system in sedan can be as large as the engine input power. As the attention on vehicle energy economy is rising worldwide, the energy-saving of mobile air conditioning is becoming more and more important. Most mobile AC systems nowadays draw air from outside the veh...

Blunt chest trauma is a rare cause of aortic valve dysfunction. A case of the successful management of traumatic injury to the aortic valve is reported. The aortic valve injury was sustained in an automobile accident despite the use of a seat belt and the deployment of an air bag. The literature is briefly reviewed. Aortic valve injury remains a consideration in cases of automobile-associated c...