multiple sclerosis (ms) is an autoimmune disease in which auto-reactive t cells react with self-antigens expressed in the central nervous system (cns). the main cause of ms is unknown. nonetheless, the most probable theory is based on molecular mimicry, which suggests that some infections can activate t cells against brain auto-antigens like myelin proteolipid protein (plp) and initiate the dis...

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive, chronic liver disease characterized by unresolving hepatocellular inflammation of autoimmune origin. The clinical spectrum may vary from asymptomatic presentation, to non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, arthralgias, nausea and abdominal pain, to acute severe liver disease. AIH is characterized by the presence of interface hepatitis and portal plas...

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic progressive cholestatic liver disease caused by diffuse inflammation, destruction and fibrosis of the intrahepatic bile ducts, ultimately leading to cirrhosis, portal hypertension and liver failure. The pathogenesis of PBC is incompletely understood, but current data suggest roles for genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. PBC is often tho...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system associated to myelin loss and neurodegeneration. clinically patients suffer from diverse symptoms and face the risk to become wheelchair-bound. at the moment ms is incurable, thus there is an unmet need for therapeutic options.

conclusions the results of this study showed a possible association between cmv infection and ms. further experimental and epidemiological studies using case-control approaches are needed to confirm this association. results anti-cmv was positive in 65 (79.3%) and 69 (77.5%) of the ms patients and healthy subjects, respectively (p= 0.853). similarly, 23 (28%) and 2 (2.2%) patients were positive...

background: anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-tpo antibody) is a member of thyroid autoantibodies which are important in inducing and also diagnosing autoimmune thyroid diseases. thyroid autoimmunity can cause several forms of thyroiditis and abnormal thyroid functions, ranging from hypothyroidism to hyperthyroidism. objective: to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of anti-tpo ...

clinical neurology has been traditionally considered as an academic speciality in which the specialist regurgitates his/her knowledge of neurology without being able to do much for the patient. this attitude is no longer acceptable. surge of information and discoveries in neurosciences within the last two decades translated into therapeutic interventions which is literally life saving in some o...

Autoimmune hepatitis is defined as chronic liver disease of unknown aetiology with aberrant auto-reactivity and genetic predisposition, characterized by female predominance, circulating auto-antibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia and association with HLA DR3 and HLA DR4. We present two patients with autoimmune hepatitis. The first patient is a young lady who was diagnosed with autoimmune chronic he...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can cause frequently asymptomatic (or anicteric) and self-limited hepatitis, while occasionally may result in considerable cholestatic hepatitis. Herein, we describe the case of a previously healthy toddler (26 month old girl) with prolonged cholestasis, elevated serum transaminases, EBV serology compatible with recent EBV infection and positive anti liver kidney micros...