In this study, it was aimed to improve the surface hardness by applying gas nitriding treatment dual-phase ductile cast iron and produce irons with a good strength-ductility combination. Thus, has been tried develop high wear resistance, strength, ductility. Ductile specimens microstructure consisting of ferrite + martensite were produced oil quenching at 70 °C after intercritical austenitizing...

Laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) enables the production of difficult-to-machine materials with near-net shape and complex geometries. Components made tool steels produced by LPBF, even using high preheating temperature, tend to show residual porosity, cracks, stresses. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) is able densify components modify their microstructure. Moreover, compared conventional heat treatme...

In this study, the changes in microstructure and mechanical properties during isothermal heat treatment of cast steel before after hot deformation were investigated using medium-carbon with low alloy content. The microstructural characteristics hot-rolled under heat-treatment conditions examined optical microscopy scanning electron conjunction backscatter diffraction. variation was evaluated Ro...

The interrelationship between chemical composition, heat treatment parameters, and phase transformation, microstructural evolution the mechanical properties of austempered steel was studied. Two samples with different percentage composition carbon 0.56 0.76 were used for study. They austentized at respective temperatures 8000C, 8400C, 9000C 9600C 30 minutes. thereafter quenched using bitumen-pa...

Two nondestructive electromagnetic/magnetic techniques including hysteresis loop and eddy current methodologies have been used to characterize microstructural changes of AISI D2 cold work tool steel as a result of quench and tempering treatments. To measure the fraction retained austenite in quenched microstructure, six specimens were austenitized in the range  of 1000-1130 °C. Samples austenit...

The effect of heat treatment and alloying elements of copper and tin on the microstructure and mechanical properties of austempered ductile cast iron alloys is investigated. The austenitizing temperature of 890°C, the isothermal transformation (austempering) temperatures of 285, 335 and 375°C, and austempering times of 15, 30, 75 and 150 minutes are studied. The alloying elements of copper and ...

The influence of impurities present in steel on fatigue strength has been the subject research conducted for many years. Despite a large number studies, there is no unambiguous explanation life steel. interpretation results becomes more complicated as ductility increases. For this reason, most concerns low-ductility hard steels. In addition, studies presented literature mostly concern laborator...

Abstract The presence of retained austenite in the hardening process tool steel often causes lower hardness compared to requirements and poor dimensional stability steel. purpose present research is determine relationships between tempering with without cryogenic treatment amount as-hardened D2 austenitizing temperature was 1020 °C, temperatures have variations 180 280 380 480 580 subzero has a...