Highly penetrant mutations leading to schizophrenia are enriched for genes coding for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor signaling complex (NMDAR-SC), implicating plasticity defects in the disease's pathogenesis. The importance of plasticity in neurodevelopment implies a role for therapies that target these mechanisms in early life to prevent schizophrenia. Testing such therapies requires noninvasiv...

BACKGROUND Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is a rare disorder caused by various structural and developmental defects of glomeruli. It occurs typically as an isolated kidney disorder but associates sometimes with other systemic, extrarenal manifestations. CASE PRESENTATIONS An infant presented with severe CNS, which progressed rapidly to renal failure at age of 3 months and death at 27 mon...

Iron deficiency is a major health problem in developing countries manifesting not only as overt anemia but also involving the CNS resulting in cognitive and behavioral deficits. Iron is an important nutrient and essential element involved in myelin formation and neurotransmitter synthesis and thus contributes to normal neurological activity. Hypomyelination has been reported in iron deficient s...

lorazepam has in increasingly being used in our country in recent years. pharmacologically, lorazepam belongs to the benzodiazepines known for their wide neurotropic properties. there have been several studies on the side effects of the drug as stress disorders, tumors, preconvulsive activities in case of epileptic attacks, overdose, and behavioral problems, but little is known regarding the te...

Prescriptive screening is defined as screening for diseases solely for the benefit of the individuals participating in the programme. Currently used screening programmes are examined at each stage of life-antenatal, postnatal, school age, adult life, and old age. It is concluded that most disorders for which screening can be confidently recommended for the benefit of the individual are those oc...

Both a genetic or acquired neonatal thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency may result in a profound mental disability that is often accompanied by deafness. The existence of various TH-sensitive periods during inner ear development and general success of delayed, corrective TH treatment was investigated by treating pregnant and lactating rats with the goitrogen methimazole (MMI). We observed that for ...

The transgenic P23H line 1 (P23H-1) rat expresses a variant of rhodopsin with a mutation that leads to loss of visual function. This rat strain is an experimental model usually employed to study photoreceptor degeneration. Although the mutated protein should not interfere with other sensory functions, observing severe loss of auditory reflexes in response to natural sounds led us to study audit...

objectives: the aim of the present study was to assess the auditory lateralization ability in children with (central) auditory processing disorder. methods: participants were divided in two groups: 15 children with central auditory processing disorder (8-10 years) and 80 normal children (8-11 years) from both genders with pure-tone air-conduction thresholds better than 20 db hl bilaterally and ...

Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of working memory training for improving working memory capacity and related auditory stream segregation in auditory processing disorders children. Methods: Fifteen subjects (9-11 years), clinically diagnosed with auditory processing disorder participated in this non-randomized case-controlled trial. Working memory abilities and auditory strea...

atrial septal defect (asd) is a common congenital anomaly that has low surgical mortality and morbidity. we report a very rare case of a low-lying asd, combined with the drainage of the inferior vena cava and the left superior vena cava into the left atrium. this combination was associated with an unroofed coronary sinus. we also describe an iatrogenic surgical diversion of the inferior vena ca...