Estimation risk occurs when individuals form beliefs about parameters that are unknown. We examine how auditors respond to the estimation risk that arises when they form beliefs about the likelihood of client bankruptcy. We argue that auditors are likely to become more conservative when facing higher estimation risk because they are risk-averse. We find that estimation risk is of first-order im...

It is recognised that the fact of auditor independence is generally unobservable and therefore it is only normally when cases of audit failure arise that evidence of lack of independence in fact emerges. However, in advance of investigators’ judgments on the conduct of the audit, the Enron affair and subsequent collapse of Andersen has emphasised the significance of confidence in independence i...

This study aims to determine the effect of financial target, ineffective monitoring, auditors change, and directors change on statement fraud which is proxied by earnings management. The each variables are return asset (ROA), ratio independent board commissioners, dummy for auditor director change. data secondary data. population manufacturing companies sector consumer goods industry listed Ind...

Cyber-physical-social system (CPSS) allows individuals to share personal information collected from not only cyberspace, but also physical space. This has resulted in generating numerous data at a user’s local storage. However, it is very expensive for users to store large data sets, and it also causes problems in data management. Therefore, it is of critical importance to outsource the data to...

The reality and perception of auditor independence is fundamental to public confidence in financial reporting. A new Independence Standards Board was set up in the U.S. in 1997 and the European Union (EU) is currently seeking to establish a common core of independence principles (EC Green Paper 1996). This paper explores, using a questionnaire instrument, U.K. interested parties' perceptions of...

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this study investigates relation between accruals quality and auditor selection in the listed firms of tehran stock exchange (tse) during a five-year period from 2007 to 2011.  using correlation method and logistic regression technique, the results of this study indicate that client size, management change and accruals quality impact on selection of the big audit firms.  the results of this res...