Limited data are available on lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of psychological disorders and suicidal behaviors among Army personnel. We used simulation methods to approximate such estimates based on analysis of data from a U.S. national general population survey with the sociodemographic profile of U.S. Army personnel. Estimated lifetime prevalence of any Diagnostic and Stat...

CONTEXT Previous studies indicate that the population attributable risk (PAR) of bladder cancer for tobacco smoking is 50% to 65% in men and 20% to 30% in women and that current cigarette smoking triples bladder cancer risk relative to never smoking. During the last 30 years, incidence rates have remained stable in the United States in men (123.8 per 100,000 person-years to 142.2 per 100,000 pe...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate a case-control study of malignant mesothelioma through patterns of exposure to asbestos based upon information from telephone interviews with next of kin. METHODS Potential cases, identified from medical files and death certificates, included all people diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma and registered during 1975-1980 by the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Pr...

IntroductIon: Dry eye disease has firmly made its presence felt in our clinical practice and shows no signs of regressing. Dry eye condition takes a toll on the quality of life of the patients by its direct negative impact on their physical state of well being as well as on their social and professional life. In order to point out any prophylactic remedy or modifiable risk factor for this condi...

The difference between the disease rates of two groups, one exposed and one not exposed to a suspected aetiological factor, is a useful measure of the risk associated with the factor. This measure is of most interest when the association is considered causal, and has been termed the attributable risk (MacMahon and Pugh, 1970). Expressed as a percentage of the total disease rate in a group (the ...

BACKGROUND Measures of attributable risk are an integral part of epidemiological analyses, particularly when aimed at the planning and evaluation of public health interventions. However, the current definition of such measures does not consider any temporal relationships between exposure and risk. In this contribution, we propose extended definitions of attributable risk within the framework of...

background: epidemiological studies have illustrated that exposure to atmospheric nitrogen oxides (no2/nox) is responsible for an increased risk of acute or chronic diseases such as cancer. in this study the health risks associated with nitrogen dioxide (no2) were assessed in the city of kermanshah, the capital of kermanshah province, iran. methods: data on hourly no2 levels that had been measu...

OBJECTIVES Recent downward trends in breast cancer incidence have been attributed to declining use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). To determine whether this is a credible conclusion, this study calculated population attributable risk (PAR) for HRT and other modifiable breast cancer risk factors. METHODS PAR calculation needs both the prevalence of a risk factor, and the relative risk (R...