A protocol to choose the graft diameter attachment point of each bundle has not yet been determined since they are usually dependent on a surgeon's preference. Therefore, the influence of bundle diameters and attachment points on the kinematics of the knee joint needs to be quantitatively analyzed. A three-dimensional knee model was reconstructed with computed tomography images of a 26-year-old...

Animal models have shown that the neural bases of social attachment, sexual preference and pair bonds, depend on dopamine D2-type receptor and oxytocin activity. In addition, studies have demonstrated that cohabitation can shape partner preference via conditioning. Herein, we used rats to explore the development of learned same-sex partner preferences in adulthood as a result of cohabitation du...

This paper describes an attempt to improve the accuracy of example-based disambiguation with minimal human intervention. Two types of knowledge – interchangeable relationships and word-to-word dependencies with preference values – are learned automatically by using the enhanced bootstrapping method, and are stored in an acquired example base. Use of this example-base improved the accuracy of th...

The dependency–based free–word–order parsing algorithm of Covington (1987, 1990, 1992) can be extended to handle partly or completely fixed word order, while preserving its psychologically realistic preference for near attachment. By adding predictivity, this algorithm can be adapted to parse left–branching and right–branching structures in less stack space than center–embedded structures, just...

This study examined whether processing ambiguous sentences containing relative clauses (RCs) following a complex determiner phrase (DP) by Persian-speaking learners of L2 English with different proficiency and working memory capacities (WMCs) is affected by semantic priming. The semantic relationship studied was one between the subject/verb of the main clause and one of the DPs in the complex D...

It is argued that syntactic preference principles such as Right Association and Minimal Attachment are unsatisfactory as usually formulated. Among the difficulties are: (I) dependence on ill-specified or implausible principles of parser operation; (2) dependence on questionable assumptions about syntax; (3) lack Of provision, even in principle, for integration with semantic and pragmatic prefer...

This empirical study attempts to find answers to the question of how a natural language (henceforth NL) system could resolve attachment of prepositional phrases (henceforth PPs) by examining naturally occurring PP attachments in typed dialogue. Examination includes testing predictive powers of existing attachment theories against the data. The result of this effort will be an algorithm for inte...

We describe a quantitative analysis of the complexation-induced inversion of a screw-sense preference based on a conformationally dynamic double-helix structure in a macrocycle. The macrocycle is composed of two twisting units (terephthalamide), which are spaced by two strands (1,3-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene), and is designed to generate a double-helix structure through twisting about a C2 axis ...

We describe a quantitative analysis of the complexation-induced inversion of a screw-sense preference based on a conformationally dynamic double-helix structure in a macrocycle. The macrocycle is composed of two twisting units (terephthalamide), which are spaced by two strands (1,3-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene), and is designed to generate a double-helix structure through twisting about a C2 axis ...