The effects of diazoxide on cerebral blood flow were evaluated in unanesthetized goats under control conditions and after selective blockade of adrenergic or cholinergic receptors in cerebral vessels. Injections of diazoxide (1-27 mg) into the internal maxillary artery produced dose-dependent increases in cerebral blood flow, an increase of 90% occurring with the highest dose. Administration of...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rapid sequence intubation is the method of choice for intubation of the emergency department patient. The purpose of the present review is to address several controversies pertaining to emergency department rapid sequence intubation of children. RECENT FINDINGS The topics covered in this review include the determination of the appropriate clinician to perform emergency depar...

The motor-stimulating action of de(N-methyl)-N-isopropyl-8,9-anhydroerythromycin A 6,9-hemiacetal (EM574) on the upper gastrointestinal tract was studied in fasted conscious dogs using chronically implanted force transducers and compared with those of porcine motilin and cisapride. EM574 induced gastric phase III-like migrating contractions and increased the plasma motilin levels slightly. The ...

The reflex bradycardia produced by a transient phenylephrine-induced rise of arterial pressure was investigated in man during rest and supine exercise, before and after autonomic blockade of the heart. Reflex bradycardia diminished proportionally to the tachycardia of exercise. Propranolol slowed the heart at rest and during exercise, but increased the reflex response only at rest, having no ef...

Enteropancreatic hormone secretion is thought to include a cephalic phase, but the evidence in humans is ambiguous. We studied vagally induced gut hormone responses with and without muscarinic blockade in 10 glucose-clamped healthy men (age: 24.5 ± 0.6 yr, means ± SE; body mass index: 24.0 ± 0.5 kg/m(2); HbA1c: 5.1 ± 0.1%/31.4 ± 0.5 mmol/mol). Cephalic activation was elicited by modified sham f...

Interactive context processing is a cognitive ability that is altered in psychotic states, including schizophrenia. This deficit has been linked to prefrontal cortical dysfunction in humans. The degraded contingency effect (DCE) is a simple form of interactive context processing by which contextual information interferes with a target conditioned stimulus for control over conditioned responding...

BACKGROUND Few data exist regarding the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with regurgitant valvular lesions. We postulated an immediate improvement in cardiac performance with captopril in mitral regurgitation, which, in a hemodynamically compensated group of patients, might be mediated through parasympathetic vasodilation rather than through blockade of angiotensi...

Nitric oxide (NO) synthesized within mammalian sinoatrial cells has been shown to participate in cholinergic control of heart rate (HR). However, it is not known whether NO synthesized within neurons plays a role in HR regulation. HR dynamics were measured in 24 wild-type (WT) mice and 24 mice in which the gene for neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) was absent (nNOS-/- mice). Mean HR and HR variabilit...

We tested the hypothesis that ACh or nitric oxide (NO) might be involved in the vasodilation that accompanies a single contraction of the forearm. Eight adults (3 women and 5 men) completed single 1-s-duration contractions of the forearm to raise and lower a weight equivalent to approximately 20% maximal voluntary contraction through a distance of 5 cm. In a second protocol, each subject had a ...

The information carried by heart period (HP) given systolic arterial pressure (SAP) changes was assessed to characterize spontaneous baroreflex (i.e. the relation linking SAP variability to HP variability): the larger the information carried by HP given SAP changes, the greater the unpredictability of HP given SAP variations, the smaller the strength of the causal coupling from SAP series to HP...