Conventional vision systems are designed to perform in clear weather. However, any outdoor vision system is incomplete without mechanisms that guarantee satisfactory performance under poor weather conditions. It is known that the atmosphere can significantly alter light energy reaching an observer. Therefore, atmospheric scattering models must be used to make vision systems robust in bad weathe...

We demonstrate the feasibility of using novel, small energy harvesters to power atmospheric sensors and radios simply attached to a single conductor of existing overhead power distribution lines. We demonstrate the ability to harvest the required power for operating multiple atmospheric and power-system sensors, together with short-range radios that could broadcast atmospheric sensor data to th...

We present measured radio emission from cosmic-ray-induced air showers under thunderstorm conditions. We observe for these events large differences in intensity, linear polarization and circular polarization from the events measured under fair-weather conditions. This can be explained by the effects of atmospheric electric fields in thunderclouds. Therefore, measuring the intensity and polariza...

weather conditions, comprised of multiple parameters (e.g., atmospheric pressure, wind, temperature, moisture, and heat) vary during different months of the year. these variations influence almost all organisms including humans (1). proper nutritional diet is one of the factors which can lead to human adjustment with atmospheric changes. imam reza, the eighth shia imam, has presented the most e...

© Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2001 Ambio Vol. 30 No. 7, Nov. 2001 http://www.ambio.kva.se Hail is precipitation in the form of balls or irregular chunks of ice, which are usually produced by convective clouds, in association with multicell, supercell, and cold fronts. Hail begins as tiny ice pellets that collide with water droplets. As the attached droplets freeze, the pellets become larg...

Estimates of sea ice extent based on satellite observations show an increasing Antarctic sea ice cover from 1979 to 2004 even though in situ observations show a prevailing warming trend in both the atmosphere and the ocean. This riddle is explored here using a global multicategory thickness and enthalpy distribution sea ice model coupled to an ocean model. Forced by the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis dat...

Although ice nuclei from bacterial origin are known to be efficient at the highest temperatures known for ice catalysts, quantitative data are still needed to assess their role in cloud processes. Here we studied the effects of three typical cloud conditions (i) acidic pH (ii) NO2 and O3 exposure and (iii) UV-A exposure on the ice nucleation activity (INA) of four Pseudomonas strains. Three of ...

The photooxidation of diethyl ether (C2H5OC2H5) and diisopropyl ether, (CH3)2CHOCH(CH3)2, in the presence of NOx was studied at the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE) in May 1998. The main objective of the experiments was to validate the degradation mechanisms that are based on data obtained from laboratory photoreactor studies. For diisopropyl ether, the experiments provided product yield data th...

Mosquitoes are known vectors for many infectious diseases, including malaria and West Nile virus. One of the most notorious species is Aedes aegypti, also known as the yellow fever mosquito, which in addition to its namesake also carries other diseases including dengue fever and chikungunya. Recently, the species has been the focus of intense interest due to the role females A. aegypti play in ...

Data from SABLES98 experimental campaign have been used in order to study the influence of stability (from weak to strong stratification) on the flux-profile relationships for momentum and heat: φm and φh. Standard instrumentation, 14 thermocouples and 3 sonic anemometers at three levels (5.8, 13.5 and 32 m) were available from 10 to 28 September 1998 and calculations are done in order to extra...