In the event of a nuclear or radiological emergency resulting in an atmospheric release of radioactive materials, stationary gamma-measurements, for example obtained from distributed, automatic monitoring stations, may provide a first assessment of exposures resulting from airborne and deposited activity. Decisions on the introduction of countermeasures for the protection of the public can be b...

Clay minerals may be si<j'nifieant indieatoi's of earth processes. They form throufrh a range which involves at one extreme the action of compressed water vapor at a temperature of several hundred degrees centigrade, and at the other extreme, the action of atmospheric agencies at an ordinary temperature. Not recognized as original products of magmatic crystallization, clay minerals are prima fa...

Objective: This research aimed to study the relationship between scrupulosity and obsessivecompulsive symptoms as well as obsessive-compulsive-related cognitive styles (obsessive beliefs and thought-action fusion).  Methods: This was a correlational study. The study population included all individuals who referred to counseling centers of Tehran from August to December 2010 and diagnosed wit...

Abstract Low-frequency (LF) transient eddies (intraseasonal with time scales longer than 10 days) are increasingly found to be important in large-scale atmospheric circulation, high-impact climate events, and subseasonal-to-seasonal forecasts. In this study, the features maintenance of available potential energy LF (LF EAPE), which denote temperature fluctuations, have been investigated. Our st...

Abstract Further long-term investments in high-quality, research-driven, fit-for-purpose observations of atmospheric composition are needed globally to meet urgent societal needs related weather, climate, air quality, and other environmental issues. Challenges include maintaining current observing systems the face eroding budgets for monitoring filling geographical gaps key constituents sound s...

Abstract Climate vulnerability research is enhanced by stakeholder engagement as coastal communities are increasingly vulnerable to climate-driven impacts, yet these impacts rarely evenly distributed across space and feedback not always well incorporated into the process. While often used in applied management applications, integrated spatially explicit assessments of multi-faceted hazard less ...

Abstract. Detecting trends in regional large-scale circulation (LSC) is an important challenge as LSC a key driver of local weather conditions. In this work, we investigate the past evolution western Europe based on 500 hPa geopotential height fields from 20CRv2c (1851–2010), ERA20C (1900–2010) and ERA5 (1950–2010) reanalyses. We focus characteristics using three atmospheric descriptors that ar...

Although photoluminescence from gallium-arsenide (GaAs) deep-centers was first observed in the 1960s, semiconductor lasers have always utilized conduction-to-valence-band transitions. Here we review recent materials studies leading to the first GaAs deep-center laser. First, we summarize well-known properties: nature of deep-center complexes, Franck-Condon effect, photoluminescence. Second, we ...