Spectacular athleticism is a conspicuous feature of many animal courtship displays yet surprisingly little is known about androgen dependence of skeletal muscles underlying these displays. Testosterone (T) acts through androgen receptors (ARs) to stimulate muscular male Golden-collared manakins of Panama to perform a remarkably athletic courtship display that includes loud wingsnaps generated b...

Social worlds shape human bodies and so it is inevitable that there are strong relationships between the body, professional dance and identity. In this article we draw on Bourdieu's notions of habitus, and various forms of capital, as the main theoretical framework for our discussion. Our ethnography of the balletic body elicited dancers and ex-dancers' perceptions of their bodies and sought to...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), first described by Jean-Martin Charcot in the 1870s, is an age-related disorder that leads to degeneration of motor neurons. The disease begins focally in the central nervous system and then spreads relentlessly. The clinical diagnosis, defined by progressive signs and symptoms of upper and lower motor neuron dysfunction, is confirmed by electromyography. Ad...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Approximately 400 000 students participate in US high school cheerleading annually, including 123,386 involved in competitive spirit squads. The degree of athleticism and the difficulty of cheerleading skills have increased in recent decades, renewing safety concerns. This study describes the epidemiology of high school cheerleading injuries and compares cheerleading i...

BACKGROUND Obesity and other lifestyle-related chronic diseases impact urban West African women at high rates. Physical activity (PA) can improve these health outcomes but there is little published data on the associated psychosocial predictors in this population. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore preliminary associations between perceptions of PA, PA behaviours, and health in a group of Ghanaia...

Accepting heterogeneity as an opportunity for social and knowledge learning not just perceiving it a burden is major task current school systems consequently also teachers. One possibility of successfully dealing with cooperative learning. Due to its prosocial characteristics, physical education (PE) particularly suitable the use forms teaching. Cooperative able fulfill double PE by promoting d...

Over the past four decades, scholars from diverse disciplines have consistently emphasized the role of sport in expressing, reflecting, or producing national sentiments (Abell et al., 2007; Bairner, 2001; Ehn, 1989; Gibbons, 2011; MacClancy, 1996; Marks, 1998; Solis, 1996; Sorek, 2007; Tuastad, 1997; van Hilvoorde et al., 2010). Both sport and national identity, however, are “contested racial t...

1263 C an " race " be gleaned from our genes? Concern over the emerging trajectories of genetics research has led to ongoing debates about how to characterize and interpret genetic variation. Despite the mantra that humans share 99.9% of our genetic makeup, there is increasing interest in identifying the relatively small percentage difference that distinguishes individuals. Therein lies the par...

No one could believe I’d had two knees replaced”, says 61-year-old Jacquelyn Winn. In 2010, Winn traveled more than 2,800 miles across Japan to fulfill her dream of seeing Mt. Fuji. “I kept up with the activities and didn’t need any extra breaks. We walked an average of 10 miles a day.” The decision to undergo joint replacement surgery is difficult and worrisome for patients like Winn. She suff...

The pet industry continues to grow in both developed and developing countries. According to the 2015-2016 APPA National Pet Owners Survey, 65% of US households own a pet, which encompasses 85.8 million pet cats and 77.8 million pet dogs [1]. In Europe alone, there are another estimated 81 million dogs and 63 million cats, and this market is expected to have a compound annual growth rate of 4.4%...