Past research on goal orientation has suggested that a task orientation more often than the ego orientation protects the athlete from disappointments and a lack of motivation, especially when ego orientation is combined with low perceived ability. Accordingly, emphasis on task orientation and high perceived competence should lead to a stronger persistence when an athlete’s performance is exceed...

Despite previously found co-occurrence of youth gambling and alcohol use, their relationship has not been systematically explored in a national sample using DSM-based gambling measures and multivariate modeling, adjusted for potential confounders. This study aimed to empirically examine the prevalence patterns and odds of at-least-weekly alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking (HED) in relation...

Taekwondo and wrestling are two different Olympic combat sports that need lower extremity strength in ways. During the training process lasts for many years, harmony leg muscles may be dissimilar. This study aims to determine (1) knee extension flexion values of elite taekwondo athletes with similar physical demographic characteristics (2) muscle balances formed after long-term training. was co...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate ethnic differences in left ventricular (LV) remodeling between highly-trained athletes of African/Afro-Caribbean (black) and Caucasian (white) athletes. BACKGROUND The upper limits of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are established in white athletes and aid the differentiation of physiologic LVH from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Ho...

During unimanual motor tasks, muscle activity may not be restricted to the contracting muscle, but rather occurs involuntarily in the contralateral resting limb, even in healthy individuals. This phenomenon has been referred to as mirror electromyographic activity (MEMG). To date, the physiological (non-pathological) form of MEMG has been observed predominately in upper extremities (UE), while ...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to quantify ultraviolet (UV) exposure of several groups of amateur athletes in their training or recreational schedules. METHODS The athletes were monitored using dosimeters (VioSpor).The study took place in Valencia, Spain, from May to July 2010, and involved a group of 10 mountaineers, four tennis players and five runners. RESULTS The mean daily per...

OBJECTIVE Strenuous exercise variably modifies cardiovascular function. Only few data are available on intermediate levels of effort. We therefore planned a study in order to address the hypothesis that a half marathon distance would result in transient changes of cardiac mechanics, neural regulation and biochemical profile suggestive of a complex, integrated adaptation. METHODS We enrolled 3...

Stephen M. Weiss* Sherri L. Loubier Gambling behaviors in current athletes, former athletes and non-athletes were examined. Gambling tendencies were determined from participants' responses on the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). A delayed competitive effect among athletes that might surface in the form of pathological gambling was investigated. To test this novel theory, participants were div...

Prediction equations developed from previous ozone (O3) exposure studies suggested that athletes exercising at near competitive intensities would be subject to alteration of pulmonary function during exposure to relatively low concentrations of O3. Accordingly we exercised seven trained athletes for 1 h at 75% of maximal O2 consumption in both room air and a 0.21 ppm O3 environment. Pulmonary f...