Snake bites in rural Nigeria are commonly treated with plant extracts. We have studied the ability of one such traditionally used plant (Parkia biglobosa; [Jacq.] Benth., Mimosaceae) to reduce the effects of two snake venoms (Naja nigricollis, and Echis ocellatus) in several experimental models. A water-methanol extract of P. biglobosa stem bark significantly (p<0.001) protected the chick biven...

IN man and other mammals normal motor co-ordination is not restored, as a rule, after regeneration of a severed peripheral nerve-trunk (Sperry, 1945). The random misdirection of regenerating fibres into foreign muscles tends to prevent normal dissociated action within the re-innervated musculature. In contrast, larval amphibians have been found to show excellent recovery of motor function in th...

This study documents unexpectedly low levels of intra and interpopulation genetic diversity in Kryptolebias ocellatus, an androdioecious and predominantly self-fertilizing killifish from south-eastern Brazil. This finding generally is inconsistent with the established opinion that the K. ocellatus and K. marmoratus clade originated in this geographic region and later dispersed northward into th...

We have investigated the expressions and distributions of leucine-enkephalin (Leu-enk), delta (δ), mu (μ), kappa (κ) opioid receptors immunoreactivities in respiratory, circulatory, excretory reproductive systems Octopus, Octopus ocellatus, by comparative immunohistochemical method enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that δ receptor Leu-enk were both detected branchia,...

Fifty-eight white-necked ravens (Corvus cryptoleucus) were examined for ectoparasites. Brueelia afzali and Philopterus ocellatus osborni were the most abundant mallophagans while Colpocephalum fregili and Myrsidea interruptus were the least common. The white-necked raven is listed as a new host for P. ocellatus osborni. Host sexual selection is indicated by statistical treatment of data obtaine...

Cytogenetic and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses carried out in the species Leptodactylus podicipinus, L. ocellatus, L. labyrinthicus, and L. fuscus from rural and urban habitats of the northwest region of São Paulo State, Brazil, showed that the karyotypes (2n = 22), constitutive heterochromatin distribution and nucleolus organizer region (NOR) location did not differ between the popu...

hole in the head is one of the important diseases of cichlid fishes that caused by heximita or spironucleus infections. in december 2007, a diseased oscar was referred to the veterinary hospital, shahid chamran university, ahvaz, iran. infected fish showed an initial loss of appetite, exophthalmia, darkness of skin followed by holes appearing on the head surface and a complete refusal to feed. ...