Postflight orthostatic intolerance is experienced by virtually all astronauts but differs greatly in degree of severity. We studied cardiovascular responses to upright posture in 40 astronauts before and after spaceflights lasting up to 16 days. We separated individuals according to their ability to remain standing without assistance for 10 min on landing day. Astronauts who could not remain st...

The radiation environment in low earth orbital flights is complex. The paper summarises the component of the space radiation, describes the dosimetric methods usually applied for space radiation dosimetry, and gives the typical figures of the measured results. The last part deals with dose limitation system of astronauts. Introduction Although partly protected from galactic and solar cosmic rad...

One of the Skylab experiments dealt with motion sickness, comparing susceptibility in the workshop aloft with susceptibility preflight and postflight. Tests were conducted on and after mission-day 8 (MD 8) by which time the astronauts were adapted to working conditions. Stressful accelerations were generated by requiring the astronauts, with eyes covered, to execute standardized head movements ...

THE REMOVAL of gravitational stress with spaceflight induces a number of adaptations within the cardiovascular system. However, such microgravity-induced adaptations are thought to be maladaptive on return to Earth. Understanding the interactions between the cardiovascular system and gravitational stress and the resulting problem of orthostatic intolerance among astronauts is the focus of the s...

Projecting a vision for space radiobiological research necessitates understanding the nature of the space radiation environment and how radiation risks influence mission planning, timelines and operational decisions. Exposure to space radiation increases the risks of astronauts developing cancer, experiencing central nervous system (CNS) decrements, exhibiting degenerative tissue effects or dev...

Our goal was to determine whether existing tests of spatial ability can predict an astronaut’s qualification test performance after robotic training. Because training astronauts to be qualified robotics operators is so long and expensive, NASA is interested in tools that can predict robotics performance before training begins. Currently, the Astronaut Office does not have a validated tool to pr...

Interactions between ionizing radiation in space and brain functions, and the related risk assessments, are among the major concerns when programming long permanence in space, especially when outside the protective shield of the Earth’s magnetosphere. The light flashes (LF) observed by astronauts in space, mostly when dark adapted, are an example of these interactions; investigations in space a...

INTRODUCTION Our sense of spatial orientation results from a complex set of neural processes of sensory integration; these processes utilize information from many different physiological systems. Evidence suggests that extended exposure to micro-gravity yields adaptive changes in these neural processes. For the most part, these adaptive changes appear functionally relevant for spaceflight but y...

Future planetary exploration missions will employ teams of rovers as astronaut assistants and independent scouts. Individual and cooperative tasks must be accurately modeled. Mission controllers and astronauts must maintain situational awareness through global and local perspectives of the exploration team members and their environment. This paper describes the development and integration of a ...

edge-based system helps astronauts perform science experiments in space. These experiments are typically costly to devise and build and often are difficult to perform. Further, the space laboratory environment is unique; ever changing; hectic; and, therefore, stressful. The environment requires quick, correct reactions to events over a wide range of experiments and disciplines, including ones d...