The most stable flow pattern responsible for a ridge transform fault system is studied based on a mantle model of a layered viscous fluid. If the How beneath the ridge is caused by a passive convection, the stable flow on the earth's urface is most likely perpendicular to the ridge axis only for components of small wavelength, less than about 5.5 times of the thickness of the lithosphere, and o...

The convection of matter in the Earth's upper mantle is considered, which Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation due to thermogravitational differentiation. Within framework this approximation, a 2-D numerical simulation convective flows medium was performed. equation for temperature follows from entropy balance relation, where, taking into account variable viscosity system, there an effect energy d...

Abstract A diffuse magmatic province covering central‐eastern Asia continent displays a compositional transition at 120–100 Ma and probably reflects melting initiation in isotopically enriched lithospheric mantle, followed by of the asthenosphere. However, cause for across such vast landmass remains poorly constrained. Here, analyses newly found Chaoge basalts (∼95 Ma, central Asia) compiled da...

Oceanic lithosphere provides an ideal location to decipher the nature of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system which is vital to our understanding of plate tectonics. It is well established that oceanic lithosphere cools, thickens, and subsides as it ages according to the conductive cooling models. Yet this simple realization fails to explain various observations. For example, old oceanic lithos...

The low-velocity zone (LVZ) is a persistent seismic feature in a broad range of geological contexts. It coincides in depth with the asthenosphere, a mantle region of lowered viscosity that may be essential to enabling plate motions. The LVZ has been proposed to originate from either partial melting or a change in the rheological properties of solid mantle minerals. The two scenarios imply drast...

Abstract Thick and highly viscous roots are the key to cratonic survival. Nevertheless, can be destroyed under certain geological scenarios. Eruption of mantle plumes underneath cratons reduce root viscosity thus make them more prone deformation by convection. It has been proposed that Indian craton could have thinned due eruption Réunion plume it at ca. 65 Ma. In this study, we constructed sph...