Software Assurance (SwA) is a complex concept that involves different stages of a software development process and may be defined differently depending on its focus, as for instance software quality, security, or dependability. In Computer Science, the term assurance is referred to all activities necessary to provide enough confidence that a software product will satisfy its users’ functional a...

A Next Generation Network (NGN) application is an application that provides a value–added service seamlessly across an integrated network consisting of a combination of packet–switched, circuit–switched, wireless and wireline networks. Such an application is likely to be developed using a set of open, standard APIs. These APIs provide a level of abstraction to shield the application programmers...

The OMG fact-oriented approach to assurance allows full traceability between the system facts and the assurance claims, so that the system facts can be gathered by automated tools and used as evidence to justify assurance claims. OMG Software Assurance Ecosystem defines a stack of standards to enable interoperability for tools, services and machine-readable content for assurance of existing sof...

Madrasah service quality gap is a big challenge in Indonesia national development, especially the comparative perspective of Java and non-Java regions. Continuous systematic efforts have been examined to close gap. Related this, this study aims look at perceptions, comparisons, dimensions that need be improved Aliyah Negeri (MAN) on outside Java. This research uses mixed-method approach with se...

The free riding incentive that exists in public good provision has been a major obstacle to establishing markets or payment incentives for ecosystem services. The use of monetary incentives to induce private provision of public goods has gained increasing support, including from the USDA Office of Environmental Markets, to help to market ecosystem services provided by alternative farmland manag...