BACKGROUND Energy restriction causes adaptations in energy expenditure (total-,TEE; resting-,REE; activity induced-,AEE). OBJECTIVE To determine if changes in the levels of proteins involved in adipocyte glucose and fatty acid metabolism as indicators for energy deficiency are related to adaptations in energy expenditure during weight loss. METHODS Forty-eight healthy subjects (18 men, 30 w...

Eugenol has been widely used in medicine due to its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and analgesic properties. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of eugenol on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans and dental caries development in rats. Eugenol demonstrated significant inhibitory effects against acid production by S. mutans. The synthe...

The essential oils of the flowering aerial parts of two Ocimum species viz., Ocimum gratissimum and O. sanctum were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The principal constituent of O. gratissimum and O. sanctum was eugenol (75.1%) and methyl eugenol (92.4%), comprising 99.3 and 98.9% of the total oils, respectively. In vitro antimicrobial activity of the ess...

To improve the application of essential oils as natural antimicrobial preservatives, the objective of the present study was to determine physical, antimicrobial, and biophysical properties of eugenol after nanoencapsulation by sodium caseinate (NaCas). Emulsions were prepared by mixing eugenol in 20.0 mg/mL NaCas solution at an overall eugenol content of 5.0–137.9 mg/mL using shear homogenizati...

Eugenol has been used as an analgesic in dentistry. Previous studies have demonstrated that voltage-gated Na channels and high-voltage-activated Ca channels expressed in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons sensing dental pain are molecular targets of eugenol for its analgesic effects. However, it has not been investigated whether eugenol can affect T-type Ca channels, which are known to be detecte...

BACKGROUND Populations in transition to a Western lifestyle display increased incidences of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic diseases; the mechanisms responsible for these changes, however, remain incompletely understood. Although reduced physical activity has been implicated, few studies have accurately quantified energy expenditure in subsistence populations. OBJECTIVE The aim of...

PURPOSE To examine the relationship between physical activity and energy demands in children and adolescents with highly active lifestyles. METHODS Physical activity patterns of 30 rural Kenyan children and adolescents (14 ± 1 years, mean ± SD) with median body mass index (BMI) z-score = -1.06 [-3.29-0.67] median [range] were assessed by accelerometry over 1 week. Daily energy expenditure (DE...

AIM This study compared daily activity energy expenditure (AEE) in children with cerebral palsy with a control group and investigated whether the children achieved healthy levels of physical activity. METHODS We enrolled eight children with bilateral cerebral palsy, from eight to 10 years of age, and a group of controls matched for age and gender. For three days, physical activity was simulta...

Eugenol is a plant-derived phenolic compound which has recognised therapeutical potential as an antifungal agent. However little is known of either its fungicidal activity or the mechanisms employed by fungi to tolerate eugenol toxicity. A better exploitation of eugenol as a therapeutic agent will therefore depend on addressing this knowledge gap. Eugenol initiates increases in cytosolic Ca2+ i...

The problem of signal design for bandwidth efficient multiple access is addressed under quality of service (QoS) constraints specified by (possibly different) BER. Indeed, BER more accurately measures the performance than the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) for uncoded communication. Furthermore, we argue that the asymptotic effective energy (AEE) faithfully characterizes BER, and we transla...