--The growth and development of four species of oak, planted at five spacings in a minor stream bottom in southeast Arkansas, illustrate differences among ,species and by spacing. Spacing and species affected all tree size and biomass variables except survival. Water oak developed most rapidly, while swamp chestnut oak developed most slowly. Tenyear results show that all ·four oak species can b...

The scientific work of Lazzaro Spallanzani is outlined, with emphasis on the elements of originality in his introduction of the experimental method in biology. Particular stress is placed on Spallanzani's contribution to solving the Theoria Generationis, from the problems connected with the spontaneous generation of living creatures to those of natural fertilization and artificial insemination ...

Dioxygen activation at copper(i) centres is of primary importance for the development of sustainable oxidation catalysis, but regeneration of copper(i) centres after each catalytic cycle remains a major problem for multi-turn-over catalysis. This work demonstrates that an artificial reductase, made of flavin cofactors incorporated into a water soluble polymer, efficiently reduces a Cu(ii)TPA co...

The Editorial Board of the Journal of Endodontics has developed a literature-based study guide of topical areas related to endodontics. This study guide is intended to give the reader a focused review of the essential endodontic literature and does not cite all possible articles related to each topic. Although citing all articles would be comprehensive, it would defeat the idea of a study guide...

peripheral nerve injuries caused by traffic accidents, resections of tumors or iatrogenic side effects of the surgeries are few of the most common form of trauma occurring with up to 500,000 cases each year in iran. conventional strategies including nerve coaptation, and the application of autografts, allografts and xenografts are restricted due to the limited availability of donors, immune-rej...

Maintaining biodiversity is one of the factors determining proper functioning ecosystems, especially those with high human impact. Ground beetles, as bioindicators, are particularly valuable in understanding ecosystem responses and sustainability forest landscape management. Focusing on regeneration pine forests, this study aimed to describe ground beetle assemblages Scots natural artificial no...

This study hypothesized that introducing high numbers of Schwann cells in monolayers via a novel rolled graft architecture would promote robust nerve regeneration. The objective was to place adherent Schwann cells in artificial nerve grafts and to assess regeneration through the Schwann cell-laden grafts compared with that through acellular grafts and autografts. Schwann cells were isolated fro...

Artificial dermal regeneration templates have been widely used in burn reconstruction surgery, and this allows subsequent skin graft to be taken more successfully. However, many clinical studies noted instances of infection when testing the effectiveness a specific template. This review aims compare two common that are very different nature -- NovosorbÒ Biodegradable Temporising Matrix (BTM) In...

BACKGROUND [corrected] Nerve grafting is the most reliable used procedure to bridge a neural defect, but it is associated with donor site morbidity. In experimental surgery the search for an optimal nerve conduit led to the use of biological and artificial material. Nerve regeneration through epineural conduits for bridging short nerve defect was examined. METHODS Four groups including 126 Ne...

Successful peripheral nerve regeneration is still limited in artificial conduits, especially for long lesion gaps. In this study, porous poly(L-lactide-co-DL-lactide, 75:25) (PLA) conduits were manufactured with 16 poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) microfilaments aligned inside the lumen. Fourteen and 18 mm lesion gaps were created in a rat sciatic nerve lesion model. To evaluate the combined effect of pe...