For children, soil ingestion via hand-to-mouth behavior can be a main route of exposure to contaminants such as lead. The ingested lead can be mobilized from the soil and form new species during the digestion process. Speciation is known to affect the availability of metals for transport across biological membranes. In the present study, in vitro digestions were performed with (artificially con...

To confine a spatial domain to a smaller computational domain, one needs artificial boundaries. This work considers the lattice Boltzmann method and deals with boundary conditions for these open boundaries. Ideally, such a condition does not interact with the fluid at all. We present a novel two-dimensional discrete artificial boundary conditions to pursue that goal and we discuss four differen...

We consider a two-fluid compressible flow. Each fluid obeys a stiffened gas pressure law. The continuous model is well defined without considering mixture regions. However, for numerical applications it is often necessary to consider artificial mixtures, because the two-fluid interface is diffused by the numerical scheme. We show that classic pressure law interpolations lead to a non-convex hyp...

Artificial articular joints present an interesting, and difficult, tribological problem. These bearing contacts undergo complex transient loading and multi axes kinematic cycles, over extremely long periods of time (>10 years). Despite extensive research, wear of the bearing surfaces, particularly metal-metal hips, remains a major problem. Comparatively little is known about the prevailing lubr...

The present paper offers a numerical model which can be applied for the simulation of wave height distribution on a 2-D horizontal soft mud layer. The model is based on mild slope equations and it includes combined wave refraction, diffraction, reflection and breaking. The high energy dissipation of wave height due to the presence of fluid mud layer has also been simulated. Wave height attenuat...