The purpose of the current paper is to propose a new model for the secondary goal in DEA by introducing secondary objective function. The proposed new model minimizes the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their median. Similar problem is studied in a related model by Liang et al. (2008), which minimizes the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean. ...

Harnessing the full complexity of optical fields requires complete control all degrees freedom within a region space and time—an open goal for present-day spatial light modulators, active metasurfaces phased arrays. Here, we resolve this challenge with programmable photonic crystal cavity array enabled by four key advances: (1) near-unity vertical coupling to high-finesse microcavities through ...

Jahanshahloo et al. (Appl Math Comput 153:215–224, 2004) propose a method for ranking extremely efficient decision making units (DMUs) in data envelopment analysis (DEA) using super-efficiency technique and l1-norm and they show that the presented method is able to eliminate the existing difficulties in some methods. This paper suggests an alternative transformation to convert the nonlinear mod...

the purpose of this study is finding the sensitivity of central bank independence measurements on its impact on inflation in iran. to this aim different measurements of the central bank independence were calculated using the indices of grilli et al. (1991), cukierman et al. (1992), mathew (2006) and dumiter (2009) for the period 1961-2012 . although results of correlation between cbi index and ...

Studying gene expression in wheat-rye translocation lines is complicated due to the presence of homeologs in hexaploid wheat and high levels of synteny between wheat and rye genomes (Naranjo and Fernandez-Rueda, 1991 [1]; Devos et al., 1995 [2]; Lee et al., 2010 [3]; Lee et al., 2013 [4]). To overcome limitations of current gene expression studies on wheat-rye translocation lines and identify g...