Allometric theories suggest that the size and shape of organisms follow universal rules, with a tendency toward quarter-power scaling. In woody plants, however, structure is influenced by branch death and shedding, which leads to decreasing crown ratios, accumulation of heartwood, and stem and branch tapering. This paper examines the impacts on allometric scaling of these aspects, which so far ...

This study presents an individual tree-crown-based approach for canopy fuel load estimation and mapping in two Mediterranean pine stands. Based on destructive sampling, an allometric equation was developed for the estimation of crown fuel weight considering only pine crown width, a tree characteristic that can be estimated from passive imagery. Two high resolution images were used originally fo...

Compounds consisting of [M(1,2-disila-[3n]crown-n)] (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; n = 5, 6) and [Ba(1,2-disilabenzo[18]crown-6)] cations and different anions were obtained by equimolar reaction of the hybrid disila-crown ethers 1,2-disila[15]crown-5 (1), 1,2-disila[18]crown-6 (2) and 1,2-disila-benzo[18]crown-6 (7) with alkaline earth metal salts. Even with strongly coordinating anions such as Br or I s...

Inorganic anions were separated on a reversed-phase stationary phase dynamically modified with crown ether as a selector in capillary ion chromatography. The eluent contained crown ether, acetonitrile and a salt. Free and cation-trapped crown ether molecules in the eluent were adsorbed on a hydrophobic stationary phase such as triacontyl-functionalized silica (C30). The eluent cations trappe...

Calix[4]-bis-2,3-naphtho-crown-6 can be used to discriminate between methylammonium and other organic ammonium ions. An electrode based on this ionophore, potassium tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl)borate (20 mol% relative to the ionophore) as an ionic additive and bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate as a solvent mediator in a poly(vinyl chloride) membrane matrix, displayed higher selectivity for methylammonium ...

D6056 prefabricated abutment includes placement D6057 custom abutment includes placement D6058 abutment supported porcelain/ceramic crown D6059 abutment supported porcelain fused to metal crown (high noble metal) D6060 abutment supported porcelain fused to metal crown (predominantly base metal) D6061 abutment supported porcelain fused to metal crown (noble metal) D6062 abutment supported cast m...

A series of crown ethers, 12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6, and dibenzo-30-crown-10, are examined as a possible means of shifting the mobilities of peptide ions. In this approach, a crown ether is added to a solution containing a mixture of peptides and is electrosprayed into the gas phase in order to create distributions of peptide-crown complexes. The ion complexes have different mobilities...

crown fractures account for the majority of dental traumas if handled properly, prognosis of the pulp following a traumatic crown fracture can be favorable. the present case report focuses on the treatment of a traumatized mature permanent incisor with exposed pulp that was treated with the novel technique of miniature pulpotomy using calcium-enriched mixture (cem) cement. one-year follow-up re...

The guerrillas are not alone in using violence to control territory. As their presence and power have expanded, so have the illegal selfdefense organizations, also known as paramilitaries, dedicated to eradicating the insurgency. The autodefensas, or self-defense groups, are the third party in Colombia’s three-sided civil conflict.1 Local armed self-defense groups have developed throughout Colo...

Emission profiles of the Galactic plane in K and at 240μm are presented, and features associated with the tangents of the spiral arms are identified. In the K band, which traces stellar emission and suffers little from absorbtion, features associated with the arm tangents indicate that a two-armed logarithmic spiral dominates the nonaxisymmetric structure of the Milky Way. In contrast, the 240μ...