This is a review of current studies in diversity of the flora and main vegetation types in the Brazilian Pantanal. The flora of this wetland, nearly 2,000 species, constitutes a pool of elements of wide distribution and from more or less adjacent phytogeographic provinces, such as Cerrado, dry seasonal forests, Chaco, Amazonia and Atlantic Forest. The most numerous group includes wide-distribut...

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Palynological analyses from exposed palaeolacustrine deposits located at the flanks of Damavand volcano, in the central AlborzMountains in Northern Iran, provide a broad idea of the temporal variation of vegetation according to climate changes during a rangeof limited time intervals during the Quaternary period. This research reveals that the regional vegetation of the study area had been asemi...

[1] Well-defined vegetation patterns are a widespread feature of dryland landscapes, where spotted, banded, or other organized systems of vegetation patches are bordered by bare soil. A number of different mechanisms have been invoked to explain the emergence of these patterns and to associate their geometrical features to the driving (biotic and abiotic) processes. A commonly accepted theory o...

palynological analyses from exposed palaeolacustrine deposits located at the flanks of damavand volcano, in the central alborzmountains in northern iran, provide a broad idea of the temporal variation of vegetation according to climate changes during a rangeof limited time intervals during the quaternary period. this research reveals that the regional vegetation of the study area had been asemi...

Rainfall, soil moisture, increasing temperature and changes in vegetation cover are the most important parameters effecting drought. Therefore, analysis of vegetation fraction and soil spectral signature, especially in red and infra red bands, are essential in drought estimation using remote sensing. In this study, Modified Perpendicular Drought Index (MPDI), which uses Vegetation Fraction (VF)...

As a countermeasure to the greenhouse effect, afforestation in arid areas has been proposed and tested in an arid area of Western Australia. According to the CDM/JI guidelines set by UNFCCC, the sequestrated carbon amount accountable as carbon credit was estimated in this study. First, the sequestrated carbon amount by planted trees was measured by repeated tree censuses. Second, the land use t...

The vegetative cover in semi-arid lands typically occurs as patches of individual species more or less separated from one another by bare ground. Klausmeier [1999. Regular and irregular patterns in semiarid vegetation. Science 284 (5421), 1826-1828] reported that the vegetation striped patterns can grow lying along the contours of gentle slopes. He has proposed a model of vegetation stripes bas...

The rapid expansion of deserts in recent decades as a result of human actions combined with climatic disasters has highlighted the necessity to understand biological processes in arid environments. Whereas physical processes and the biology of flora and fauna have been relatively well studied in marginally used arid areas, knowledge of desert soil micro-organisms remains fragmentary. This chapt...

the relationship between topography, soil factors, and distribution of ecological vegetation groups in the nodoushan arid rangelands of yazd province (iran) was investigated. the present species were recorded in each vegetation group using a randomized-systematic sampling method. plant cover and density were estimated quantitatively using the transect and quadrate methods, and the two-way indic...