1. Fourteen mildly hydropenic normal volunteers were slowly tilted at a constant rate from the horizontal to the 85 degrees head-up position in order to study the interrelationship between plasma arginine vasopressin concentration, plasma renin activity and the change of plasma volume. 2. Nine subjects did not develop vaso-vagal symptoms and were studied for 45-60 min. Arginine vasopressin rose...

Release of endothelin-1, a novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide originally isolated from endothelial cells, from cultured bovine endothelial cells has been shown to be stimulated by arginine vasopressin and angiotensin II. To elucidate the cellular mechanism by which endothelin-1 is released by these vasoconstrictors, we tested the effects of several compounds on the agonist-induced endothelin-...

Pathogenesis of AVP Release In several animal models of low-output and high-output cardiac failure and in congestive heart failure in humans, it has been demonstrated that plasma AVP, renin activity, aldosterone and norepinephrine are significantly increased.7 Renal excretion of sodium and water is predominantly regulated by the integrity of the arterial circulation, which is determined by card...

(8-Arginine)vasopressin, (8-arginine)vasotocin, oxytocin and oxypressin, the 'ring' derivatives pressinamide and tocinamide, and the extended-chain analogues Pro-Arg-Val-(8-arginine)vasopressin and (8-arginine)vasopressinoyl-Ala-Met-Ala-NH(2), were synthesized by the solid-phase method and purified by sequential gel filtration on Sephadex G-15 in 50% acetic acid and 0.2M-acetic acid. Controlled...

To the Editor: Dünser et al1 concluded that the combined infusion of vasopressin and norepinephrine is superior to infusion of norepinephrine alone in the treatment of shock resistant to catecholamine. We believe that this study is flawed and do not support such a conclusion. First of all, the design included two interventions in parallel, one of arginine vasopressin (and its control group in t...

Tumors from patients with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) have been found to contain large amounts of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. A lung tumor from a patient with hyponatremia most likely due to SIADH was removed at surgery and found to contain 23.5 mU vasopressin/g wet weight by radioimmunoassay Slices of this tumor were incubated with phenylal...

Arginine vasopressin plays an important role in volume homeostasis. Patients with heart failure have chronically elevated plasma vasopressin concentrations which may contribute to their clinical syndrome of fluid retention. Recently, a number of agents have been developed to antagonize the effects of vasopressin by targeting its V1a and V2 receptors, which are involved in vascular tone and free...

Arginine vasopressin was measured in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 42 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Increased concentrations of vasopressin were present in 10 patients, of whom eight had bled from an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. In three patients high blood vasopressin values were associated with gross hyponatraemia. Five patients were found to have increased C...

Arginine vasopressin has attracted attention as a potentially important neurohormonal mediator of the heart failure (HF) syndrome and hyponatremic states in humans1 because vasopressin influences renal handling of free water, vasoconstriction, and myocyte biology.2,3 Several vasopressin antagonists are under development,4 and one of these agents, conivaptan, recently received US Food and Drug A...