To explore the feasibility of radar-based extreme precipitation climatologies, prototype radar areal reduction factor (ARF) curves are developed and compared to those based on traditional rain gauge networks. For both the radar and gauge data, increasing the spatial density of observations has little influence on the ARF relationship. However, independently, considerable differences between rad...

Eight hundred and eighty patients (913 eyes) with primary pterygium who were surgically treated from 1983-93 were followed up for 5.7 years on average. Based on the large number of cases and a 10 year period of practice, it was found that pterygium excised with a pedunculated conjunctival flap slide was effective and safe in the treatment of primary pterygium. The recurrence rate of 1.6% (15 ou...

improving time series forecastingaccuracy is an important yet often difficult task.both theoretical and empirical findings haveindicated that integration of several models is an effectiveway to improve predictive performance, especiallywhen the models in combination are quite different. in this paper,a model of the hybrid artificial neural networks andfuzzy model is proposed for time series for...

extended abstract 1. introduction climate change refers to the increase or decrease in the average climatic factors over a long period of time (i.e. more than 30 years). today, climate change has become a human concern and the scientific community are already aware of this fact. global temperature has followed an unprecedented increase over the last hundred years. based on synoptic climatology,...

sulfur dioxide has two important sources in the atmosphere and this is why most of scientists believe in a geographic split in the globe. power plants, major emitter of so2, are located in north hemisphere such as in russia, china, canada and the usa. in south hemisphere, phytoplankton produces a massive amount of dimethyl sulfide (dms) and dimethyl disulfide (dmds). then these types of reduced...

The application of chaos theory in hydrology has been gaining considerable interest in recent years.Based on the chaos theory, the random seemingly series can be attributed to deterministic rules. Thedynamic structures of the seemingly complex processes, such as river flow variations, might be betterunderstood using nonlinear deterministic chaotic models than the stochastic ones. In this paper,...

In the fields of medicine and public health, a common application of areal data models is the study of geographical patterns of disease. When we have several measurements recorded at each spatial location (for example, information on p>/= 2 diseases from the same population groups or regions), we need to consider multivariate areal data models in order to handle the dependence among the multiva...