Abstract Groundwater is an essential source to supply water for various sectors. This paper aimed predict the quantitative and qualitative changes in groundwater over time evaluate efficiency of different modeling methods. study based on three steps. In first step, piezometers were clustered by Growing Neural Gas Network (GNG) method, central piezometer each cluster was used behalf cluster. sec...

Background: Melasma is a pattern of facial pigmentation that affects upper lip, cheeks, forehead and chin. The disease is seen mainly in 30-55 year old women, and may be regarded as a physiological change in pregnancy. Its etiologic nature is still unknown. Objective: To determine the prevalence of melasma in women in Ardebil city. Patients and Methods: The study was cross sectional-descr...

BACKGROUND Blood and body fluid exposures place healthcare workers at risk for blood-borne infections. To determine the extent of the problem in Iran, we assessed blood and body fluid exposure in healthcare workers in Fars Province hospitals. METHODS We distributed 2,118 questionnaires using a stratified random sampling method among nurses of these hospitals. We used Chi-square test, Student'...

BACKGROUND There are growing concerns regarding inequities in health, with poverty being an important determinant of health as well as a product of health status. Within the People's Republic of China (P.R. China), disparities in socio-economic position are apparent, with the rural-urban gap of particular concern. Our aim was to compare direct and proxy methods of estimating household wealth in...

The southern African species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann, 1794, are revised. Twenty-eight new species are described, and redescriptions and new collection records are given for three previously described species, based on the examination and databasing of 11,534 specimens from 488 localities/events. Male genitalia are illustrated, and high resolution habitus images of the holoty...

to study the effect of planting pattern and water quantity on potato yields under drip irrigation, this research was conducted using a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in three regions (mashhad, ardebil and damavand, iran) during 2003-2004. nine treatments were used. the main-plots were three levels of irrigation: 100%(i1), 80%(i2), and 60%(i3) of cr...

The expansion and growth of cities is a remarkable phenomenon in urban planning literature,so that unpredictable developments have become more evident in recent decades, especially in cities that haveundergone changes in their physical structure following the promotion of their political role. The present paper seeksto identify the factors driving growth in the developed areas of Ardebil city a...

INTRODUCTION Average annual incidence of snakebite worldwide is between 5.5 to 1.2 million, and at least 125,000 of them are fatal. In Iran, around 4,500-11,000 snakebites occur annually, and a small number of them are fatal. Snake bites can cause intoxity and immediate death in patients, and the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological study of snakebites in Ardabil Province. ...