The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is postulated to result from a failure of homeostatic responses to life-threatening challenges (e.g. asphyxia, hypercapnia) during sleep. The ventral medulla participates in sleep-related homeostatic responses, including chemoreception, arousal, airway reflex control, thermoregulation, respiratory drive, and blood pressure regulation, in part via serotoni...

In the mature human brain, the arcuate fasciculus mediates verbal working memory, word learning, and sublexical speech repetition. However, its contribution to early language acquisition remains unclear. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the role of the direct segments of the arcuate fasciculi in the early acquisition of linguistic function. We imaged a cohort of 43 preterm born infants (media...

Gene expression for agouti-related protein (AGRP), an endogenous antagonist of melanocortin receptors, has been localized to the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, where it colocalizes with neuropeptide Y (NPY). Having reported that the NPY innervation of hypophysiotropic TRH neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) originates primarily from NPY-producing neurons in the arcuate nucl...

Ihsan Al-Bayati, MD, First Year Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine Richard W. McCallum, MD, Professor and Founding Chair of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Director, Center of Neurogastroenterology and GI Motility, El Paso, TX Median arcuate ligament syndrome is an uncommon disorder first described in the 1960s. It is ch...

objective(s): the effect of litter size and suckling intensity on the expression of kiss-1 mrna in the arcuate nucleus (arc) of rats were evaluated. materials and methods: thirty two pregnant and four non-lactating ovariectomized (as control group) rats were used in this experiment. lactating rats were allotted to eight equal groups. in three groups, litter size was adjusted to 5, 10, or 15 pup...

Kiel J, Leranth C (2006) Synaptic remodeling induced by gonadal hormones: neuronal plasticity as a mediator of neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to (2007) Fluctuation of synapse density in the arcuate nucleus during the estrus cycle. Estradiol-induced synaptic remodeling of tyrosine hydroxylase immunopositive neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus. Endocrinology. 2008 Apr 17. Epub ahead of pr...

Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MAL) or celiac axis compression syndrome (CACS) is a rare etiology of chronic abdominal pain. Traditional treatment of this syndrome is surgery. We report a case of median arcuate ligament syndrome with a severe compression of the celiac trunk, which was successfully treated by angioplasty with stenting.

Neuronal networks originating in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus play fundamental roles in the control of energy balance. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-producing neurons in the arcuate nucleus stimulate food intake, whereas arcuate nucleus neurons that release the proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) potently reduce food intake. Relatively little a...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a peptide synthesized in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, is implicated in the physiologic control of food intake and body weight. Because both genetic (e.g. in obese ob/ob mice) and acquired leptin deficiency (e.g. fasting in normal mice) increase hypothalamic NPY accumulation, and as leptin administration reverses this effect, we hypothesized that leptin inhibits transc...