Molecular descriptors from atom weighted vectors (MD-AWV) are used in the prediction of aquatic toxicity of a large group of organic compounds of 392 benzene derivatives to the protozoo ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis (log (IGC50) ). These descriptors are calculated using the MD-LOVIs software and various Aggregation Operators are examined with the aim comparing their performances in predicting ...

The synthetic biocides triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) and triclocarban (3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide) are routinely added to a wide array of antimicrobial personal care products and consumer articles. Both compounds can persist in the environment and exhibit toxicity toward a number of biological receptors. Recent reports of toxicological effects in wildlife, human cell cultu...

Assessment of aquatic effects requires the derivation of a predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC). In the framework of the Dutch ‘‘Plan of Action Laundry and Cleaning Products,’’ PNECs were derived for linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), alcohol ethoxylates (AE), alcohol ethoxylated sulfates (AES), and soap. All stages in an aquatic effects assessment were used: initial (assessment factors ...

In 1989, the guidance document for acutely toxic effluents entitled Methods for Aquatic Toxicity Identification Evaluations: Phase Ill Toxicity Confirmation Procedures was published (EPA, 19890). This new Phase Ill manual and its companion documents (EPA, 1991 A; EPA, 1992; EPA, 1993A) are intended to provide guidance to aid dischargers in confirming the cause of toxicity in industrial and muni...

Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living soil nematode that is commonly used as a model for toxicity tests. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of seven organic pollutants: four azaarenes (quinoline, acridine, phenazine, and 1,10-phenanthroline), short-chain chlorinated paraffins, and two organochlorinated pesticides (toxaphene and hexachlorobenzene). The exposure to all chemic...

In an effort to combat West Nile Virus, planes dispersed insecticide over Sacramento, CA, treating nearly 50,000 hectares with pyrethrins and the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Widespread dispersal of insecticide over a metropolitan area, coupled with extensive pretreatment data on the area's urban creeks, provided a unique opportunity to study effects of mosquito control agents on aquatic...

Aquatic organisms have played important roles as early warning and monitoring systems for pollutant burdens in our environment. However, they have significant potential to do even more, just as they have in basic biology where preparations like the squid axon have been essential tools in establishing physiological and biochemical mechanisms. This review provides a brief summary of the history o...

The increase of worldwide population and the need to control pests are some of the factors that have led to the application of agrochemicals on agricultural areas to protect and increase crop production. Nevertheless, these substances are of environ‐ mental concern since they can reach water reservoirs and act on non-target organisms. Therefore, different aquatic species have been tested to eva...

background: there has been increasing awareness throughout the world regarding the remarkable decrease in amphibian population. for such amphibian population decline several causes have been given. cadmium, a heavy metal is released both from natural sources (leaching of cadmium rich soils) and anthropogenic activities to the aquatic and terrestrial environments. this study evaluated the toxici...