Some readers will view the article by Lerman and Vorndran as controversial. It is a review of existing basic and applied research on punishment and a call for additional research on punishment. The thesis of my commentary is that the paper should not be viewed as controversial. Punishment happens. To ignore a natural phenomenon and its implications for a technology of behavior is akin to ignori...

This paper focuses on a number of American stories which helped educate people and bring about legal or social change. There are many stories which caused major or minor legal and political change, particularly, in the United States. Some of them are written by Herman Melville, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Upton Sinclair and Sidney Kingsley. After the publication of White Jacket by Melville the novel...

Study design, materials and methods Fuzzy relations and the maximum-minimum composition approach were used to develop the system. The model was initially tested with 100 cases, whose retrospective data were obtained from medical and clinical urodynamics records. To construct the system model the composition of fuzzy relations called max-min composition[1] was used. A fuzzy relation could expres...

Transcription is an integral process in the qualitative analysis of language data, and is widely employed in basic and applied research across a number of disciplines and in professional practice fields. Yet methodological and theoretical issues associated with the transcription process have received scant attention in the research literature. The extant literature on transcription is reviewed ...

Problem statement: In today’s manufacturing world, globalization policies and rejuvenation have created a more intensive competition amongst manufacturers. On the other hand, manufacturers have turned to the option of adopting innovative technologies, process re-engineering and strategies such as efficient supply chain management to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Effective supply ...