The complex carbohydrates apple pectin, citrus pectin, flaxseed mucilage, blood group A substance, gum acacia, and gum myrrh as well as an extract of RBC, when examined in a pattern test, were shown to inhibit the agglutination of chicken RBC by influenza A virus. A number of other simple and complex carbohydrates showed no inhibitory effect. The hemagglutination-inhibiting action of apple pect...

Fruit trees have a long juvenile phase. For example, the juvenile phase of apple (Malus × domestica) generally lasts for 5-12 years and is a serious constraint for genetic analysis and for creating new apple cultivars through cross-breeding. If modification of the genes involved in the transition from the juvenile phase to the adult phase can enable apple to complete its life cycle within 1 yea...

The sequence of the 3'-terminal 2956 nucleotides, excluding the poly(A) tail, of the citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV) genome was determined and compared with that of the apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) genome. The sequence of the 3'-terminal region of CTLV contains two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) and a 3'-terminal non-coding region of 142 nucleotides. The long, incomplete ORF1 ends a...

Grapevine degeneration in grapevines caused by Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) has been documented in many viticultural regions worldwide (Andret-Link et al. 2004). It is one of the major economically important virus diseases affecting the longevity of grapevines and reducing the fruit yield and fruit quality. Infected grapevines show a range of foliar symptoms consisting of leaf deformation, ye...