using apple clonal rootstocks is necessary for improving crop efficiency in apple orchards. after graftingof apple cultivars on malling rootstocks, the extra parts of the rootstock was used as stem cuttings. apical,middle and basal parts of these shoots were used as cuttings. two propagation conditions, greenhouse andnursery and three concentrations of indole-3- butyric acid (iba) on rooting, c...

apple stem pitting virus (aspv) is one of the most common viruses of apple and pear trees. during 2012 to 2013, a total of 1053 symptomatic and asymptomatic leaf samples were collected from orchards in nine provinces of iran. aspv infection was detected by das-elisa and pcr in 54 samples (5.12%) from seven provinces. based on the geographical origin, 22 representative isolates were selected for...

MN55 is an apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.) cultivar recently released by the University of Minnesota breeding program, with fruit marketed in U.S. as Rave ® . When stored for 4 months at 0 to °C, can develop several storage disorders, including skin dimpling. Skin dimpling incidence was greater harvested 1 week later than those earlier. Dimpling not alleviated prestorage treatments 1-methylcy...

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are widely used in real-time single virus particle studies to visualize, track and quantify the spatial and temporal parameters of viral pathways. However, potential functional differences between the wild type and the FP-tagged virus may specifically affect particular stages in the virus life-cycle. In this work, we genetically modified the E2 spike protein of Sindbi...

Tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum Dunal) is a solanaceous weed, armed with prickles on stems, leaves, petioles, and calyxes. It is native to Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay (26) and was introduced in the 1980s into Florida, where it thrives as a perennial, particularly in the southern part of the state (11). It has spread rapidly throughout Florida, now occurring on more than 405,000...

Nuclear grooving; Pseudoinclusion; Thyroid; Papillary Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology is a widely accepted diagnostic tool for thyroid lesions. It is well known that nuclear features form the mainstay of diagnosis for papillary carcinoma thyroid. Focal nuclear features can be missed unless carefully looked for and pose diagnostic difficulty. The aim was to study the cytomorphologica...

Methods: Preoperative orthopantomograms (OPGs) were examined and the proximity of the IDC to the roots of impacted mandibular third molars was categorized into the following: groups: superimposition, adjacent, perforation, grooving, notching, or none. The categories notching, grooving, and perforation were regrouped together and called the true relationship between the IDC and the root apices. ...

This paper summarizes and evaluates the oral complications associated with orotracheal intubation in neonates. The palatal defect resulting from orotracheal intubation is best described as palatal grooving, rather than clefting since no oral nasal communication has been demonstrated. Palatal grooving may be caused by the inhibition of the molding tongue forces on the lateral palatine shelves. T...