OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a mandibular advancement device on apneas and sleep in mild, moderate, and severe obstructive sleep apnea. DESIGN Prospective study. SUBJECTS Forty-four of 47 patients included. INTERVENTION Individually adjusted mandibular advancement devices. MEASUREMENTS Polysomnographic sleep recordings for 1 night without the device and 1 night with it, with a m...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition in which the upper airway collapses during sleep, is strongly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Little is known how OSA affects the cerebral circulation. The goals of this study were 1) to develop a rat model of chronic OSA that involved apnea and 2) to test the hypothesis that 4 wk of apneas during the sleep cycle alters endotheli...

Changes in cardiovascular parameters elicited during a maximal breath hold are well described. However, the impact of consecutive maximal breath holds on central hemodynamics in the postapneic period is unknown. Eight trained apnea divers and eight control subjects performed five successive maximal apneas, separated by a 2-min resting interval, with face immersion in cold water. Ultrasound exam...

BACKGROUND H(2)S synthesis inhibitors (HSSI) have been shown to impact respiratory control. For instance, the HSSI hydroxylamine (HA) decreases the respiratory discharge rate from isolated medullary sections, and HA in addition to other HSSIs propargylglycine and amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA) have been found to reduce hypoxic responsiveness. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine if ...

Management of the airway in Apert syndrome is complex and multidisciplinary. This rare syndrome, occurring in up to approximately 1 in 65,000 live births, results in airway compromise at various anatomic levels, in addition to abnormal central respiratory drive. Obstructive apneas arise because of decreased airway caliber, which may occur in the form of congenital bony nasal stenosis, choanal a...

We previously demonstrated that central apneas during sleep in patients with idiopathic central sleep apnea (ICSA) are triggered by abrupt hyperventilation. In addition, baseline PCO2 at the time of augmented breaths which triggered central apneas was lower than for augmented breaths which did not trigger apneas. These observations led us to hypothesize that patients with ICSA chronically hyper...

It has previously been reported that active glottic adduction is present during prolonged apneas but absent during periods of breathing movements in fetal lambs in utero. The present study was aimed at examining the precise coordination between fetal breathing movements [diaphragm electromyographic (EMG) activity (Di EMG)] and glottic adduction [thyroarytenoid muscle EMG activity (TA EMG)]. Ele...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder that is characterized by obstructive apneas and hypopneas caused by repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep. Risk Factors for OSA include patients with all 4 of the following symptoms and are considered to be at high risk for OSA: habitual snoring; observed apneas; excessive daytime sleepiness; and a body mass index (BMI) greater than 35....

Prader-Willi syndrome is a neurogenetic disease resulting from the absence of paternal expression of several imprinted genes, including NECDIN. Prader-Willi children and adults have severe breathing defects with irregular rhythm, frequent sleep apneas, and blunted respiratory regulations. For the first time, we show that Prader-Willi infants have sleep apneas already present at birth. In parall...