It is of adaptive value for a plant to prepare its defenses when a threat is detected, and certain plant volatiles associated with insect damage, such as cis-jasmone (CJ), are known to switch-on defense metabolism. We used aphid and aphid parasitoid responses to Arabidopsis thaliana as a model system for studying gene expression and defense chemistry and its impact at different trophic levels. ...

fauna of the the aphid parasitoids at southern parts of the zagros submountains, and their host associations have been investigated. a total of 24 parasitoid species were identified in association with 30 aphids on 36 host plant species, representing more than 80 tritrophic associations (parasitoid-aphid-plant). aphidius avenae haliday is newly reported from iran. generally, the area of souther...

Mass releases of two parasitoid species, Aphidius matricariae and Ephedrus cerasicola, may provide an alternative measure to pesticides control the rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea in organic orchards. As exploratory study, we tested if presence flower strips between tree rows could improve action three early releases––and other naturally present enemies––on colonies number aphids per tree...