The pharmacokinetics (PK) of antimicrobial agents administered to critically ill patients exhibit marked variability. This variability results from pathophysiological changes that occur in critically ill patients. Changes in volume of distribution, clearance, and tissue penetration all affect the drug concentrations at the site of infection. PK-pharmacodynamic indices (fCmax:MIC; AUC0-24:MIC; f...

The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the antimicrobial effect and diffusion against E. faecalis of new intracanal medications on the external root surface. The medications tested were a placebo gel (PC); the new formulations with either 3% nitrofurantoin (NIT) or 3% doxycycline hydrochloride (DX) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel as positive control. The new formulations were tested u...

BACKGROUND Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) causes Glässer's disease and multisystem infectious disease. It is one of the major causes of nursery mortality in swine herds. Cefquinome (CEQ) is proposed for the treatment of pigs against respiratory tract infection. However, few studies have investigated the PK/PD characteristics and PK/PD cutoff of this drug against H. parasuis. RESULTS A tot...

Solanum tuberosum aspartic proteases (StAPs) with antimicrobial activity are induced after abiotic and biotic stress. In this study the ability of StAPs to produce a direct antimicrobial effect was investigated. Viability assays demonstrated that StAPs are able to kill spores of Fusarium solani and Phytophthora infestans in a dose-dependent manner. Localization experiments with FITC-labelled St...

In this work the antibacterial activity of asulfathiazole derivative was evaluated against both Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae using cefotaxime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and sulfathiazole as controls. The evaluation of antimicrobial effect of the different compounds on the bacterial species was made by the method of microbial minimal inhibitory. The results indicate that bacterial g...

Helicobacter pylori is highly susceptible to bismuth, a heavy metal with antimicrobial activity linked to its effect on bacterial iron uptake. Three strains of H. pylori were analyzed for indicators of iron limitation following exposure to the MIC of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (MIC(CBS)). Similar morphologic and outer membrane changes were observed following growth in iron-limiting medium and...

In endocarditis, exopolysaccharide production by viridans streptococci has been associated with delayed antimicrobial efficacy in cardiac vegetations. We compared the efficacies of temafloxacin alone and in combination with dextranase, an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing 20 to 90% of the bacterial glycocalyx, in a rabbit model of endocarditis. In in vivo experiments, rabbits were infected intraven...

An antimicrobial validatory screening of short nosed tripod fish Triacanthus biaculeatus (Bloch, 1786) collected from the Visakhapatnam coastal waters, India is done in such a way T. biaculeatus muscle extracts were subjected for antimicrobial assay. Antimicrobial screening assay was done in five bacterial pathogens viz., Escherichia coli (MTCC-443), Salmonella typhi (MTCC-421), Pseudomonas aer...

Candida albicans is the most commonly encountered human fungal pathogen, and it is traditionally treated with antimicrobial chemical agents. The antimicrobial effect of these agents is largely weakened by drug resistance and biofilm-associated virulence. Enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of existing agents is needed for effective candidiasis treatment. Our aim was to develop a therapy t...