Objective: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the measurement of serum concentrations to optimize pharmacotherapy. Traditionally, blood pressure measurements alone, and not TDM, have been used evaluate antihypertensive response. However, approximately 50 % hypertensive patients treated by lifestyle changes drugs fail achieve control. Serum concentration could be useful select optimal in adjus...

To determine whether telmisartan improves insulin resistance compared with other antihypertensive drugs, we performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of telmisartan. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through December 2013. Eligible studies were prospective RCTs of telmisartan versus other antihypertensive drugs, enrollin...

OBJECTIVES Jian Ling Decoction (JLD) is often prescribed to improve hypertension-related symptoms in China. However, this treatment has not been systematically reviewed for its efficacy against essential hypertension (EH). This review aims to assess the current clinical evidence of JLD in the treatment of EH. DESIGN Seven electronic databases, including the Cochrane Central Register of Contro...

ypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. In Japan as well as in western countries, the number of obese individuals with hypertension has been rapidly increasing. It has been demonstrated that visceral obesity causes qualitative and quantitative abnormalities in adipokines, thus leading to the condition that is defined as metabolic syndrome.1 The main aim of lower...

Objectives. To assess the beneficial and adverse effects of Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (LWDHW), combined with antihypertensive drugs, for essential hypertension. Methods. Five major electronic databases were searched up to August 2012 to retrieve any potential randomized controlled trials designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of LWDHW combined with antihypertensive drugs for essential hyper...